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    User manuals
  • ARCHICAD 22
  • ARCHICAD 22 Reference Guide
  • Elements of the Virtual Building
  • Construction Elements
  • Roofs
  • Editing Roofs
  • User manuals
    • License Manager Tool User Guide
      • Getting Started with License Manager
      • License Manager Overview
      • If You Have a New Hardware Key
      • If You Have a New Software Key
      • Update your License(s)
      • Download Software Key
      • Upload Software Key
      • Key Replacement
      • Sign in to License Manager
      • FAQ’s about License Manager
      • Managing the Company License Pool
      • Use Cases for License Management
    • ARCHICAD 22
      • ARCHICAD 22 Reference Guide
        • Network Installation for BIM Managers
          • Command Line Parameters (Custom Install)
          • Option File (Custom Install)
          • Installer Log Files and Error Codes
          • Unattended Uninstall
          • Network Installation for BIM Managers
          • Third-Party Prerequisites
          • Customized Company Defaults for Unattended Installation (ARCHICAD Only)
        • Install Guide for ARCHICAD 22
          • Install ARCHICAD 22: Single License
          • Your ARCHICAD License Key
          • Add/Repair ARCHICAD
          • Install Guide for ARCHICAD 22
          • Updates for ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD Tools and Utilities
          • Uninstall ARCHICAD
          • Using a CodeMeter Server
        • ARCHICAD 22 New Features Guide
          • ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
            • Curtain Wall Renewal
            • Stair Tool – Further Enhancements
            • Railing Tool – Further Enhancements
            • Custom Geometry Modifiers in Profiles
          • VISUALIZATION
            • New CineRender Engine
          • PRODUCTIVITY
            • Expression Defined Property Values
            • Custom Graphical Label
            • Priority-Based Selection Highlights of Walls on Floor Plan
            • Introduction of Decimeters in Project Preferences/Working Units
            • Updated Attribute Manager Dialog
            • Updated Model View Options Dialog
            • GRAPHISOFT ID – Unified Login
            • Trackpad and Magic Mouse Support for Mac
            • Enhanced Security Options for PDF
            • Collision Detection Enhancements
            • Small Improvements
            • Country-Specific Developments
          • LIBRARY ENHANCEMENTS
            • General Library Enhancements
            • Local Library Enhancements
            • LIBRARY ENHANCEMENTS
          • PERFORMANCE
          • INTEROPERABILITY
          • ARCHICAD 22 New Features Guide
          • ARCHICAD – Grasshopper LIVE connection
        • Migrating to ARCHICAD 22
          • Migration Topics: Versions 18-21
            • Migration Topics: Versions 18-21
            • Migrating Libraries to ARCHICAD 22
            • Migrating a Teamwork Project (v. 13-21) to ARCHICAD 22
          • Migrating from Older Versions (ARCHICAD 8.1 through 17)
            • Migration of Rendering/Surface Settings to CineRender
            • Migration of Lights and Lamp Settings
            • Migrating from Older Versions (ARCHICAD 8.1 through 17)
            • Images from QuickTime Formats
            • Element Display in Interior Elevations
            • Building Materials: Collision Detection Setting
            • Building Materials: Attribute Migration Issues
            • Migrating EcoDesigner or Energy Evaluation Data
            • Priority-Based Element Intersections
            • Display of Transparent Elements
            • Walls, Zones, Columns: Toplink Option
            • Core-Based Reference Plane for Slab
            • Core-Based Wall Reference Line
            • Changed Renovation Features
            • Migrating Roofs and Skylights
            • VR Scenes and VR Objects No Longer Supported
            • Migration of Exported Options Files (.xml, .aat, .prf)
            • Find & Select Criteria Sets
            • Open Older (pre-13) Teamwork Files in ARCHICAD 22
            • Migrating Libraries and Objects from ARCHICAD 12 and Earlier
            • “Automatic” Home Story Setting Eliminated
            • Doors and Windows in Partial Structure Display
            • Lost IFC Data
            • Section/Elevation Marker Display
            • DXF/DWG Translator Changes in Converting ARCHICAD Fills
            • Migrate Projects Containing Hotlinks
            • Migrating PlotMaker Layout Books to ARCHICAD 22
        • Configuration
          • Favorites
            • Apply a Favorite
            • Search Favorites
            • Create New Favorite
            • Redefine Favorite
            • Edit Settings of One or More Favorites
            • Missing Content in Favorite
            • Favorites Palette
            • Import/Export Favorites
            • Favorites
          • The ARCHICAD User Interface
            • Arranging Palettes, Toolbars and Windows
            • Set Window Background and Grid Line Color
            • Quick Options Bar
            • Toolbox
            • Info Box
            • Menus
            • Toolbars
            • Shortcuts
            • The ARCHICAD User Interface
            • Palettes
            • Pet Palettes
          • Libraries
            • Embedded Library
              • Add Objects to Embedded Library
              • Manage Embedded Objects
              • Embedded Library
            • BIMcloud Libraries
              • Add BIMcloud Library
              • Manage BIMcloud Libraries
              • BIMcloud Libraries
            • Library Manager
            • Linked Libraries
            • Remove Library from Project
            • Recommendations for Using Libraries
            • Troubleshooting Library Issues
            • Library Container File
            • Library Updates
            • Libraries
          • Attributes
            • Pen Sets
              • Apply a Pen Set
              • Redefine a Pen Set
              • Transfer a Pen Set to Another Project
              • Automatic Pen Color Visibility Adjustment for Model Views
              • Pen Sets
            • Layers
              • About Layers
              • Layers
              • Quick Layers
              • Layer Combinations
              • Use Layers to Prevent Intersections
              • Use Separate Layer Settings for the Layout Book
              • Place All Elements on a Single “Active Layer” (Simulate AutoCAD Work Methods)
            • Surfaces
              • About Surfaces
              • Override Surfaces With Surface Painter
              • Surface Painter Palette
              • Override Surfaces in Element Settings
              • Align 3D Texture
              • Display of Surfaces in Renderings
              • Surfaces
            • Attribute Manager
              • Attribute Manager: Editable Attribute Parameters
                • Layer Combinations and Layers (Attribute Manager)
                • Pen Sets and Pens (Attribute Manager)
                • Line Types (Attribute Manager)
                • Attribute Manager: Editable Attribute Parameters
                • Fill Types (Attribute Manager)
                • Surfaces (Attribute Manager)
                • Building Materials (Attribute Manager)
                • Composites
                • Profiles (Attribute Manager)
                • Zone Categories (Attribute Manager)
                • Markup Styles (Attribute Manager)
                • Cities (Attribute Manager)
                • MEP Systems (Attribute Manager)
                • Operation Profiles
              • Attribute Management Commands
              • Revert Changes in Attribute Manager
              • Attribute Manager
            • Missing Attributes
              • Find and Select Elements with Missing Attributes
              • Missing Attributes
            • Line Types
            • Fill Types
            • Building Materials
            • Composite Structures
            • Custom Attributes of GDL Objects
            • Delete and Replace Attributes in a Model
            • Attributes
          • Configuration
          • Start ARCHICAD
          • Create New Solo Project
          • Open/Close Project
          • Saving from ARCHICAD
          • File Compression
          • ARCHICAD License Types
          • Resolving Issues with Serial Numbers
          • Template Files
          • Backup Files
          • Archive Files
          • Troubleshooting Problem Files
          • License Information
          • Opening Projects through a Network
          • Add-Ons and Goodies
          • Working Units
          • Project Location and Project North
          • Project Preferences
          • Scale
        • Interaction
          • Navigation
            • Pop-up Navigator
              • Navigator Project Map
              • Navigator View Map
              • Pop-up Navigator
            • Tab Bar
              • Navigate With the Tab Bar
              • Transfer Settings Among Tabs
              • Tab Bar
            • Navigation in the 3D Window
              • Accessing 3D Navigation Commands
              • Explore Model (3D Navigation)
              • Orbit (3D Navigation)
              • Navigator Preview (3D)
              • 3D Connexion Enabler
              • Navigation in the 3D Window
            • Organizer Palette
              • Clone a Folder in the View Map
              • Navigator Layout Book
              • Navigator Publisher
              • Access Views/Layouts from External ARCHICAD Project
              • Organizer Palette
            • How to Navigate Among ARCHICAD Views
            • Navigation
            • Zoom
            • Fit in Window
            • Set Orientation
            • Navigator Preview (2D)
            • Navigator Palette
          • Origins
            • Elevation Values in the Tracker
            • Origins
          • Selection
            • Selection Feedback
              • Selection Highlight and Element Information Highlight
              • Selection Feedback
            • Selecting Elements
              • Quick Selection of Surface Areas
              • Selecting Elements
              • Select Multiple Elements With Selection Polygon
            • Marquee Area
              • Marquee Area Definition
              • Save Marquee Area as PDF or DWG
              • Copy/Paste Marquee Area from Project Window
              • Other Editing Operations within the Marquee
              • Marquee Area
            • Element Information Pop-up (Info Tags)
            • Selection
            • Find and Select Elements
            • Edit Selection Set
            • Store Selection Sets in Selections Palette
          • On-Screen Input Aids
            • Relative Construction Methods
              • Parallel and Perpendicular Constraints
              • Angle Bisector Constraint
              • Offset and Multiple Offset Constraints (Relative Construction Methods)
              • Aligning Elements to a Surface in 3D
              • Relative Construction Methods
            • Tracker
              • Element Input Using Tracker Coordinates
              • Tracker
            • Magic Wand
              • Magic Wand Settings
              • Magic Wand
            • Editing Plane in 3D Window
              • Editing Plane Display
              • Editing Plane and 3D Element Input
              • Reposition Editing Plane
              • Editing Plane in 3D Window
            • Snap Points
              • Snap Points on Temporary Vector
              • Snap Points
            • The Intelligent Cursor
            • Ruler
            • Measure Tool
            • On-Screen Input Aids
            • Set up Construction Grid
            • Set up Snap Grid
            • Snap to Grid
            • Snap Guides
            • Guide Lines
            • Gravity
            • Mouse Constraints
            • Coordinate Constraints
            • Snapping to Existing Elements
            • Cursor Snap Range
          • Editing Elements
            • Duplicate Elements
              • Drag, Rotate, Mirror Element Copies
              • Multiply Elements
              • Duplicate Elements
            • Move Elements
              • Nudging Elements
              • Dragging Elements
              • Rotating Elements
              • Move Elements
              • Mirroring Elements
              • Elevating Elements
            • Modify Element Sizes
              • Stretching Walls
              • Modifying Slanted Walls and Columns
              • Modifying Beams
              • Reshaping Polygons and Chained Elements
              • Stretching with the Marquee Tool
              • Stretch Height
              • Resize (Enlarge or Reduce) Elements
              • Splitting Elements
              • Modify Element Sizes
              • Adjusting Elements
              • Adjust Elements to Slabs
              • Create a Fillet or Chamfer
              • Trim Elements Using Scissors
              • Adding Element Nodes
              • Move Nodes
              • Curve/Straighten Element Edge
            • Distribute Elements
              • Special Distribute
              • Distribute Elements
            • Basic Editing Operations
            • Cancel Operations (ESC Key, Backspace)
            • Offset All Edges
            • Intersect Two Elements
            • Editing Elements
            • Align Elements
            • Explode into Current View
            • Drag & Drop
            • Parameter Transfer
            • Element Transfer Settings
            • Group Elements
            • Lock/Unlock Elements
            • Display Order
          • Virtual Trace: Using References to Edit and Compare Model Views and Drawings
            • Choose a Trace Reference
            • Show/Hide Trace Reference
            • Move/Rotate/Reset Reference
            • Switch Reference with Active: Access Elements within the Reference for Editing or Copying
            • Activate Reference
            • Rebuild Trace Reference
            • Virtual Trace: Using References to Edit and Compare Model Views and Drawings
            • Compare Reference with Active
          • Consolidate Lines and Fills in Drawing Windows
          • Interaction
        • Elements of the Virtual Building
          • Construction Elements
            • Walls
              • Wall Reference Line
              • Create a Straight Wall
              • Walls
              • Create a Curved Wall
              • Create a Chain of Walls
              • Create a Rectangle of Walls
              • Create a Trapezoid Wall
              • Create a Polygon Wall (PolyWall)
              • Create a Slanted or Double-Slanted Wall
              • Create a Log Wall
              • Walls and Other Elements
              • Modify Wall Reference Line
              • Invert Wall Direction
            • Slabs
              • Slab Reference Plane
              • Creating Slabs
              • Placing Holes in Slabs
              • Set Custom Slab Edge Angle and Edge Surface
              • Slabs
            • Columns
              • Creating Columns
              • Column Display
              • Columns and Other Elements
              • Columns
            • Beams
              • Beam Reference Axis
              • Beam Display on the Floor Plan
              • Create a Beam
              • Create a Hole in a Beam
              • Beams
              • Selecting and Modifying Beam Holes
              • How to Change Angle of Beam End Faces
              • Beams and Other Elements
            • Complex Profiles
              • Offset Modifiers
                • Create New Offset Modifier
                • Edit Offset Modifier
                • Offset Modifiers: Tips and Tricks
                • Offset Modifiers
              • Create Complex Profile from Parallel Elements
              • Use Standard Steel Column or Beam Profile
              • Profile Manager
              • Create or Edit Complex Profile
              • Apply Profile to Selected Element
              • Complex Profiles
              • Capture Selected Element for New Profile
              • Apply Custom Surface or Line to Profile Edge
              • Profile Origin in Profile Editor Window
              • Stretch Modifiers
            • Roofs
              • Editing Roofs
                • Graphical Editing of Roof Geometry
                • Modify the Roof Pitch
                • Add Roof Level
                • Edit Roof Levels
                • Edit Eaves or Gable Overhang
                • Edit Roof Contour
                • Editing Roofs
                • Edit Roof Ridge
                • Customize Roof Plane
                • Customize Edge of Roof or Roof Hole
                • Create a Hole in a Roof
                • Create an Atrium
                • Add a Tower to the Roof
                • Create Roof Level Lines
                • Intersect Single-plane Roofs
              • Examples of Multi-plane Roofs
                • Hip Roof
                • Complex Roof
                • Gable Roof
                • Pyramidal Roof
                • Mansard Roof
                • Examples of Multi-plane Roofs
                • Gablet Roof
                • Gambrel Roof
                • Cross-Gable Roof
              • About Roofs
              • Create a Single-plane Roof on the Floor Plan
              • Create a Single-plane Roof in the 3D Window
              • Create a Multi-plane Roof
              • Roofs
              • Crop Elements to Single-plane Roof
              • Create Special Roof Objects with RoofMaker
            • Trim Elements to Roof or Shell
              • Trim Multiple Selected Elements: Automatic Trim
                • Automatic Trim: Example 1
                • Automatic Trim: Example 2
                • Trim Multiple Selected Elements: Automatic Trim
              • Define Trimming Bodies
              • Trim Elements to Roof: Manual Trim
              • Trim Elements to Roof or Shell
            • Merge Trimming Elements
              • Merge Elements: Roofs, Shells, Morphs
              • Managing Element Connections
              • Merge Trimming Elements
            • Place a Construction Element in ARCHICAD
              • Home Story
              • Place a Construction Element in ARCHICAD
              • Define Top Link for Wall, Column, Zone or Stair
            • Meshes
              • Create a Mesh
              • Edit Elevation of a Mesh Point
              • Add New Points to the Mesh
              • Create a Hole in the Mesh
              • Display of Meshes
              • Meshes
            • Zones
              • Calculating Zone Area and Zone Volume
                • Relation to Zones
                • Calculating Zone Area and Zone Volume
              • Zone Categories
              • 2D Display of Zone Backgrounds
              • Zone Stamps
              • 3D Display of Zone Spaces
              • Creating Zones
              • Crop Zone to Another Element
              • Updating Zones
              • Zones
            • Curtain Wall
              • Working with Curtain Walls: Overview
              • Curtain Wall Input Methods
                • Create Curtain Wall on the Floor Plan
                • Draw Curtain Wall Boundary in the Section Window
                • Create a Curved Curtain Wall: Geometry Methods
                • Create Curtain Wall in the 3D Window
                • Curtain Wall Input Plane in 3D Window
                • Extrude Curtain Wall from a Slanted Input Plane
                • Positioning Curtain Wall in Section
                • Curtain Wall Input Methods
              • Curtain Wall Components
              • Curtain Wall Frames
              • Curtain Wall Frame Settings
              • Curtain Wall Panels
              • Place Door- or Window-Type Panel in Curtain Wall
              • Curtain Wall Panel Settings
              • Curtain Wall Scheme Settings
              • Set up Grid Pattern in Scheme Settings
              • Create Grid Pattern Graphically
              • Model View Options for Curtain Walls
              • Curtain Wall Edit Mode
              • Curtain Wall
              • Edit Grid and Grid Lines in Edit Mode
              • Graphical Editing of Curtain Wall
              • Add Additional Curtain Wall Boundary
              • Curtain Wall Junctions
              • Curtain Wall Accessories
              • Curtain Wall System Settings
              • Curtain Walls and Other Elements
            • Stairs
              • About the Stair Tool
              • Stair Settings (Main Element Settings)
                • Stair Settings: Geometry and Positioning
                • Stair Settings: Rules and Standards
                • Stair Settings (Main Element Settings)
              • Flight and Landing Structures
                • Monolithic Flight and Landing Structures
                • Beam Flight Structure
                • Beam Landing Structure
                • Cantilevered Flight and Landing Structure
                • Stringers Flight and Landing Structure
                • Flight and Landing Structures
              • Stair Input
              • Graphical Editing of Stair Scheme
              • Stair Turning Type
              • Winder Types for Equal-Going Winders
              • Stair Segment Type
              • Stair Tool Edit Mode
              • Automatic “Solver” Options to Resolve Geometric Conflicts
              • Toplinked Stairs and Changed Story Height
              • Tread and Riser Finishes
              • Split Stair Structure
              • Custom Sub-Elements for Stairs and Railings
              • Stairs
              • Stair Endings and Connections
              • Model View Options for Stairs
              • Detail Level of Stair and Railing Symbols
              • Floor Plan/Reflected Ceiling Plan Display (Stair Settings)
              • Edit Stair Symbol Components Graphically
            • Railings
              • About the Railing Tool
              • Segment Settings (Railing Tool)
                • The Pattern Editor (Railing Tool Settings)
                • Segment Settings (Page of Railing Tool Settings)
                • Segment Pattern Settings (Panel of Railing Tool)
                • Segment Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Rail Settings (Railing Tool)
                • Rail Component Settings (Toprail/Handrail/Rail)
                • Rail Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Baluster Settings (Railing Tool)
                • Post Component Settings (Posts/Inner Posts/Balusters)
                • Baluster Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Place Railing: Basic Polyline Input
              • Place Associative Railing
              • Working with Railing Segments and Nodes
              • Railing Reference Line
              • Railing Settings: Overview
              • Railing Settings: Geometry and Symbol Display
              • Toprail Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Handrail Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Inner Post Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Panel Settings (Railing Tool)
              •  Node Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Railings
              • Post Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Connection Settings (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
              • Railing Ends (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
              • Model View Options for Railings
            • Morphs
              • Basic Morph Editing
                • Basic Morph Editing: Push-Pull
                • Basic Morph Editing: Bulge
                • Basic Morph Editing: Add
                • Basic Morph Editing: Tube
                • Basic Morph Editing: Offset Morph Edge(s)
                • Basic Morph Editing: Curve Edge
                • Basic Morph Editing
                • Basic Morph Editing: Move Morph Sub-Element
                • Basic Morph Editing: Add Node to Morph
                • Basic Morph Editing: Fillet/Chamfer a Morph
              • Morph Selection
              • Useful Commands for Transforming Morphs
                • Transforming Morphs: Smooth & Merge Faces
                • Intersect Morph Faces (Generate Edges within a Morph)
                • Transforming Morphs: Curve & Merge Edges
                • Combine Morph Faces for Smooth Editing Effect: Use “Soft” Edges
                • Transforming Morphs: Box Stretch a Morph
                • Transforming Morphs: Cover with Faces
                • Transforming Morphs: Custom Face Settings
                • Useful Commands for Transforming Morphs
              • Create a 2D Morph
              • Create a Box Morph
              • Create a Revolved Morph
              • Create Morph from Existing Elements
              • Morph Edge Type: Hard, Hidden, Soft
              • Boolean Operations with Morphs
              • Morph Texture Mapping and Alignment
              • Fix Modeling Errors: Check and Solidify Morphs
              • Morphs
            • Element Intersections
              • Basic Intersection Principles
              • Specific Element Intersections and Junctions
              • How to Make Sure Elements Collide for Best Cleanup Results
              • Intersecting Elements That Don’t Clean Up
              • Best Practices for Intersections: Conceptual Design Phase
              • Fine-Tune Intersections
              • Legacy Intersection Mode for Older-Version Projects
              • Element Intersections
            • Shells
              • Revolved Shells
                • Revolved Shell: Simple Input
                • Revolved Shell with Freely Defined Profile
                • Revolved Shells
              • Extruded Shells
                • Simple Extruded Vault: Parallel to the Floor Plan
                • Simple Extruded Vault: Perpendicular to the Floor Plan
                • Extruded Shells
                • Extruded Shell with Freely Defined Profile
              • Ruled Shells
                • Ruled Vaulted Shell
                • Ruled Shells
              • Sample Workflows for Shell Creation
                • Extruded Shell: Wavy Canopy Roof
                • Revolved Shell: Arced Triangular Roof Complex
                • Revolved Shell: Define Contours in Section
                • Ruled Shell: Tennis Court Shell
                • Ruled Shell: Twisted Tower
                • Sample Workflows for Shell Creation
              • Graphical Editing of Shells
                • Options for Editing Extruded Shells
                • Options for Editing Revolved Shells
                • Options for Editing Ruled Shells
                • Graphical Editing of Shells
              • About Shells
              • Create Hole in Shell
              • Edit Shell Hole
              • Define Shell Contour
              • Shells
              • Edit Shell Contour Polygon
              • Customize Edge of Shell or Edge of Shell Hole
            • Construction Elements
            • Model Element Connections
          • Parametric Objects
            • About Parametric Objects
            • Create Custom Library Parts and Components
              • Create Custom Components: Example Workflows
                • Example: Create Custom Door Leaf
                • Example: Create Custom Frame or Cap Profile for Curtain Walls
                • Create Custom Components: Example Workflows
              • Save 2D Symbols as Objects
              • Save 2D Elements as Label
              • Save 3D Elements as Objects
              • Save Rectangular Doors and Windows from 3D Model Elements
              • Save Custom-Shape Doors or Windows
              • Create Custom Components for Doors, Windows, Curtain Wall, Stair, Railing
              • Editing Custom Library Parts and Components
              • Create Custom Library Parts and Components
            • Where to Find Objects for Use in ARCHICAD
            • Parametric Objects
            • BIM Components
            • Search for Library Part
            • Placing an Object
            • 2D and 3D Representation of Objects
            • Stretching Objects
            • Parameter Transfer Between Objects
            • Graphical Editing Using Editable Hotspots
            • Create Patch Object
            • About GDL Object Subtypes
            • Open and Edit Library Part
            • Scripting Custom Objects
            • Further Resources on GDL Object Creation
          • Dedicated Object Tools: Doors, Windows, Skylights, Wall Ends
            • Doors/Windows
              • Placing Doors or Windows
              • Doors/Windows
              • Previews in Door/Window Settings
              • Floor Plan Display of Doors/Windows
              • Setting the Window/Door Plane in Slanted or Complex Walls
              • Sill or Header Heights
              • Sill Height Using Subfloor Thickness
              • Anchor Reveal
              • Creating an Empty Opening
              • Moving Wall Openings
              • Doors/Windows in Curved Wall
            • Skylights
              • Placing and Moving a Skylight
              • Skylight Constraint Relative to Roof
              • Skylights
            • Corner Windows
            • Dedicated Object Tools: Doors, Windows, Skylights, Wall Ends
            • Wall Ends
          • Element Properties and Classification Systems
            • Assign Classifications to Elements
            • Property Manager
              • Expression-Defined Properties
                • Create a New Expression-Defined Property: Step By Step
                • Using Expression Editor: Context-Sensitive Help
                • Evaluate Expression-Defined Property
                • Expression-Defined Properties
              • Property Availability for Classifications
              • Expression-Defined Properties: Examples
                • Example 1: Simple Mapping
                • Example 7: Display Regulation-Compliance Data for an Element
                • Example 2: Modify Element Parameter, Using an Operator
                • Example 3: Expand Property with Descriptive Text String
                • Example 4: Calculate a Quantity and Round Up
                • Example 5: Calculate a Length and Add Overhang
                • Expression-Defined Properties: Examples
                • Example 6: Round Up to Standard Beam Length
                • Example 8: Generate Expanded ID for Openings
                • Example 9: Calculate Number of Tiles to Purchase
                • Example 10: List the Total Cost of a Structure in Dollars
              • Errors in Expressions and How to Fix Them
                • Result Conflicts with Data Type
                • All Arguments Must Use the Same Data Type and Compatible Units
                • Argument’s Data Type is Not Correct
                • Data Type Not Available in ARCHICAD
                • Mathematical Error
                • Incorrect Sign and/or Number Type
                • Errors in Expressions and How to Fix Them
                • Data Type Cannot be Changed
                • Does Not Contain Numeric Characters
              • Assign Classifications/Properties in Element Schedule
              • Show Property Data in Labels and Markers
              • Property Manager
              • Element Properties in Hotlinks
              • Export/Import Properties Between Projects
            • Assign Custom Property Value
            • Default Value of Element Property
            • Element Properties and Classification Systems
            • Classification Manager
          • TrussMaker
            • Creating Trusses in the Floor Plan
            • Editing Trusses
            • Creating Trusses in Section/Elevation/IE Windows
            • TrussMaker
          • Solid Element Operations
            • About Solid Element Operations
            • Solid Operation Example
              • Managing Solid Element Connections
              • Solid Operation Example
            • Solid Operation Types
            • Solid Element Operations
          • Elements of the Virtual Building
        • Views of the Virtual Building
          • ARCHICAD Model Views
            • Floor Plan Window
            • ARCHICAD Model Views
            • Stories
              • About Stories
              • Navigate Among Stories
              • Stories
              • Defining Story Display in 3D
              • Defining Story Display in Section/Elevation/IE
              • Create or Delete or Rename Stories
              • Story Level Lines
            • How to Display Individual Elements on the Floor Plan
              • Show On Stories
              • Define Element’s Floor Plan Display
              • Define Range of Element’s Projected Display (Show Projection)
              • Examples of Floor Plan Display Settings
              • How to Display Individual Elements on the Floor Plan
            • 3D Window
              • Show Selection/Marquee in 3D
              • 3D Cutting Planes
                • Show or Hide 3D Cutaway
                • Create a 3D Cutaway on the Floor Plan or Section
                • Create a 3D Cutaway in the 3D Window
                • Edit Cutaway
                • 3D Cutaway Attributes
                • Hide 3D Cutting Planes
                • 3D Cutting Planes
                • Delete Cutting Planes
              • Save Contents of 3D Window as a View
              • 3D Engines
              • 3D Projections
              • 3D Navigation Extras
              • 3D Window
              • 3D Window Size
            • Sections
              • Create a Section Viewpoint
              • Open a Section Viewpoint
              • Horizontal/Vertical Range of Section Viewpoint
              • Define Marker Reference for Source Marker
              • Floor Plan Display of Section Markers
              • Model Display in the Section Window
              • Sections
              • Editing Section/Elevation/IE Lines on Floor Plan
              • Place a Linked Section Marker
              • Place Unlinked Marker
              • Create an Independent Section Viewpoint
              • Assign Section Rebuild Status
              • Updating Sections
              • Summary of Rebuild Commands
            • Interior Elevations (IE)
              • About Interior Elevations
              • Create Interior Elevation Group
              • Create Single Interior Elevation Viewpoint
              • Interior Elevation Horizontal Range
              • Interior Elevation Vertical Range
              • Display and Edit Interior Elevation Marker Lines and Marker Range
              • Interior Elevation IDs and Names
              • Delete/Restore IE Viewpoint
              • Interior Elevations (IE)
              • Display of Elements in Interior Elevation
            • 3D Document
              • About the 3D Document
              • Create a 3D Document
              • Redefine the 3D Document
              • Model Display of the 3D Document
              • 3D Document
            • Details
              • About Details
              • Create a Detail Drawing Viewpoint with Model Source
              • Contents of the Detail Viewpoint
              • Place a Linked Detail Marker
              • Create an Independent Detail Viewpoint
              • Display of Detail/Worksheet Boundary
              • Update Detail/Worksheet Marker Boundary
              • Updating the Detail Window
              • Details
            • Worksheets
              • About Worksheets
              • Worksheet vs. Detail
              • Create a Worksheet Drawing with Model Source
              • Contents of the Worksheet Window
              • Editing in the Worksheet Window
              • Create an Independent Worksheet Viewpoint
              • Place a Linked Worksheet Marker
              • Worksheets
            • Managing Markers in ARCHICAD
              • About Markers
              • Display of Marker Range Lines
              • Source Marker Highlight
              • Changing Marker Type
              • Transfer Marker Parameters
              • Copying a Marker
              • Find Linked Markers
              • Check Markers Palette
              • Deleting a Viewpoint/View/Drawing with a Marker
              • Deleting a Source Marker
              • Managing Markers in ARCHICAD
            • Interactive Schedule
              • Types of Interactive Schedules
              • Units in Interactive Schedules
              • Open and View a Schedule
              • Show Schedule Data for Selected Floor Plan Items
              • Editing and Updating Schedule Items
              • Select Schedule Items on Floor Plan/3D
              • Define Schedule Content Using Scheme Settings
              • Create Schedule of Surfaces
              • Format Options (Interactive Schedule)
              • Schedule Headers
              • Previews and Pictures in the Interactive Schedule
              • Restructure Schedule to Fit Layout
              • Split Schedule into Multiple Layouts
              • Interactive Schedule
            • Floor Plan Cut Plane (Global Setting)
            • Elevations
            • Project Indexes
          • Model View Options
            • Define Model View Options
            • Model View Options Combinations
            • Model View Options
          • Partial Structure Display
            • Applying Partial Structure Settings to Model Windows
            • Save Partial Structure Settings by View
            • How to Define Components as “Core” or “Finish”
            • Visualizing the Entire Model
            • Partial Structure Display
            • Partial Structure Display Settings: Effect on Elements
            • Partial Structure Display Settings in Windows Based on a Source Marker
          • Renovation
            • Assign Renovation Status to Elements
            • Renovation Filters
              • Apply Renovation Filter
              • Show an Element in a Single Renovation Filter Only
              • Renovation Filters
              • Renovation Filter Options
              • Examples of Renovation Filters
            • Graphic Overrides By Renovation Status
              • Openings By Renovation Status: Override Examples
              • Graphic Overrides By Renovation Status
            • Workflows for Tricky Renovation Situations
              • Adding Insulation to Walls: Renovation Workflow
              • Adding New Door Panel to Existing Door Frame: Renovation Workflow
              • Zone Stamps for Renovated Rooms: Renovation Workflow
              • Listing Material Quantities for Renovation Projects
              • Workflows for Tricky Renovation Situations
            • Best Practices for Creating Renovation Views
            • Renovation
            • Reset Renovation Status
          • Graphic Overrides
            • Graphic Override Rules
            • Graphic Override Combinations
            • Exceptions: When Overrides Don’t Apply
            • Graphic Overrides
          • On-Screen View Options
          • Views of the Virtual Building
        • Element Parameters
          • General Listing Parameters
          • Component Listing Parameters in the Interactive Schedule
            • Calculation of Skin/Component Area
            • Component Listing Parameters in the Interactive Schedule
          • Beam Listing Parameters
          • Column Listing Parameters
          • Curtain Wall Listing Parameters
          • CW Accessory Listing Parameters
          • CW Frame Listing Parameters
          • CW Junction Listing Parameters
          • CW Panel Listing Parameters
          • Door/Window Listing Parameters
          • Lamp Listing Parameters
          • Mesh Listing Parameters
          • Element Parameters
          • Morph Listing Parameters
          • Object/Lamp Listing Parameters
          • Railing Listing Parameters
          • Roof Listing Parameters
          • Shell Listing Parameters
          • Skylight Listing Parameters
          • Slab Listing Parameters
          • Stair Listing Parameters
          • Stair Finish Listing Parameters
          • Stair Structure Listing Parameters
          • Wall Listing Parameters
          • Zone Listing Parameters
          • Profile Modifiers Listing Parameters
        • Documentation
          • Fills
            • Full Set of Project Fills
            • Fills
            • Defining Fill Availability in Pop-Ups
            • Fill Categories
            • Assign a Cut Fill
            • Assign a Cover Fill
            • Draw a Drafting Fill
            • Add Area Text to a Fill
            • Fill Display Mode: Vectorial vs. Bitmap
            • Edit Vectorial Fill Pattern
            • Scale of Fill Type
            • Display of Vectorial Fill
            • Set Orientation of Vectorial or Symbol Fill Patterns
            • Create New Solid Fill
            • Create Symbol Fill
            • Using Gradient Fills
            • Create or Edit Image Fill
          • Drafting
            • Lines
              • Line Categories
              • Lines
              • Drawing a Single Straight Line Segment
              • Stretching or Shrinking Lines
              • Drawing Arcs and Full Circles
              • Stretching Curves
              • Editing an Arc Using its Tangent
              • Drawing Elliptical Arcs and Full Ellipses
              • Convert Ellipse to Circle
              • Drawing Splines
              • Editing Splines
              • Drawing Freehand Curves
              • Drawing Polylines and Chained Lines
              • Editing Polylines
            • Hotspots
            • Drafting
            • Figures
            • Drawings in Model Views
          • Annotation
            • Dimensioning
              • Dimensioning Standards
              • Dimensioning
              • Glossary of Dimensioning Terms
              • Static Dimensions
              •  Linear Dimensions
              • Dimension Wall or Slab Thickness
              • Linear Dimension Geometry Methods
              • Linear Dimensions in the 3D Document Window
              • Elevation Dimensions
              • Radial Dimensions
              • Level Dimensions
              • Angle Dimensions
              • Edit Dimensions
              • Modify the Witness Line
              • Edit Text Box and Pointer Line
              • Automatic Exterior Dimensioning
              • Automatic Interior Dimensioning
              • Secondary Dimensions (Add-On)
            • The Grid Tool
              • Components of a Grid Element
              • Visibility of a Grid Element
              • The Grid Tool
              • Creating a Straight Grid Element
              • Creating a Curved Grid Element
              • Editing a Grid Element
              • Editing Grids in Teamwork
              • Place a Grid System
            • Text Blocks
              • Placing Text Blocks
              • Formatting Text Blocks As a Whole
              • Resizing Text Graphically
              • Text Blocks
              • Applying Favorite Text Settings
              • Formatting Individual Components of Text Blocks
            • Autotext
              • How to Insert Autotext
              • Autotext Reference Drawing
              • Autotext Keywords
              • Autotext
            • Labels
              • Place an Associative Label
              • Text/Autotext Label Content
              • Symbol Labels for Element Information
              • Custom Settings for Symbol Labels
              • Label Multiple Selected Elements
              • Labels
              • Labeling Curtain Walls
              • Labeling Stairs
              • Place an Independent Label
              • Search for Elements by Label Text
              • Find and Select Text Blocks/Labels
            • Text Editing in ARCHICAD
              • Search and Replace Text
              • Spell Checker
              • Editing Commands in Text-Type Windows
              • Text Editing in ARCHICAD
            • Annotation
          • The Layout Book
            • Work Environment for the Layout Phase
              • Working with Layouts
              • Work Environment for the Layout Phase
              • Master Layouts
              • Subsets
            • Drawings in the Layout Book
              • Placing Drawings Onto the Layout
              • Arranging Multiple Drawings on the Layout
              • Drawings in the Layout Book
              • Importing PDF Files As Drawings
              • Modifying Drawings on the Layout
              • Drawing Titles
              • Managing and Updating Placed Drawings
            • Layout Workflow Schemes
              • Layout Workflow: Smaller Projects
              • Layout Workflow: Larger Projects
              • Layout Workflow Schemes
            • Layout and Drawing IDs
            • The Layout Book
          • Revision Management
            • Working with Changes
              • Change Manager Palette
              • Create Change
              • Link/Unlink Change Elements
              • Working with Changes
              • Add/Remove Changes on Layout Revisions
              • Change Details
              • Archive Changes in Change Manager
            • Revision Management Workflow
            • Revision Management: Default Schemes in the Template
            • Feedback on Layout Revisions
            • Revision History Data on Layout and in Layout Settings
            • Revision Management
            • Revision IDs
            • Managing Issues
            • Change List and Issue History
            • Revisions in the Publisher
            • Changes from External Files
          • Publishing
            • Print
            • Publisher Function
              • Defining Publisher Output Format
              • Publishing Process
              • Publisher Function
            • Plot
            • Publishing
          • Calculation
            • Element Information
            • ID Management
            • Element ID Manager
            • Calculation
          • Documentation
        • Collaboration
          • Teamwork
            • Teamwork Functions at a Glance
            • Teamwork
            • Messaging (Teamwork)
              • Create a New Message (Teamwork)
              • Receive and Open Message (Teamwork)
              • Review Elements (Teamwork)
              • Messaging (Teamwork)
            • Reserving Teamwork Project Data (Non-Elements)
              • Feedback on Ownership of Teamwork Project Data
              • Reservation in Attribute Manager; Reserve All Attributes (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Individual Views and View Map Folders
              • Reserve Settings of Layout Book Items (Teamwork)
              • Moving Views and Layouts in the Navigator: Reservation Requirements (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Publisher Sets (Teamwork)
              • Reserve and Delete Layers (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Find and Select Criteria (Teamwork)
              • Reservation in Interactive Schedules (Teamwork)
              • Reserve List Scheme Dialog Boxes (Teamwork)
              • Reserving Teamwork Project Data (Non-Elements)
            • Reserving Elements in Teamwork
              • Overview of Teamwork Reservation
              • Reserve Elements by Selection (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Elements by Criteria (Teamwork)
              • Save Custom Criteria Set (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Library Objects (Teamwork)
              • Feedback on Element Ownership (Teamwork)
              • Reservation Results (Teamwork)
              • Reserving Elements in Teamwork
            • Remote Access to Teamwork Projects
              • Working from Home and the Office: Suggested Workflow for a Teamwork Project
              • Travel Pack: Move Your Teamwork Project and Libraries to a Different Computer
              • Avoid Conflicting Work Sessions in Teamwork Projects
              • Remote Access to Teamwork Projects
            • Manage Local Teamwork Data
              • Move Local Teamwork Data to a Different Folder
              • Move Local Teamwork Data to a Different Computer
              • Delete Local Teamwork Data
              • Schedule Teamwork Data Cleanup Reminder
              • Manage Local Teamwork Data
            • Teamwork Setup/Preparation
              • Share a Teamwork Project in ARCHICAD
              • Libraries Setup for Teamwork Project Sharing
              • Teamwork Setup/Preparation
            • External Files Linked to Teamwork Project
              • Hotlink Modules and XREFs in Teamwork
              • External Drawings in Teamwork
              • External Files Linked to Teamwork Project
            • GRAPHISOFT BIMcloud: Features and Benefits
            • Network Diagnostic Information
            • Open or Join Teamwork Project
            • Close Teamwork Project
            • Save Local Copy of Teamwork Project
            • Force User to Leave a Teamwork Project
            • Join or Leave a Teamwork Project
            • Send/Receive Changes in Teamwork
            • Working Online/Offline in Teamwork
            • Teamwork Interface
            • Reserve All Elements and Data (Teamwork)
            • Review Your Workspace (Teamwork)
            • Creating and Sending Project Data (Teamwork)
            • Assign Elements (Teamwork)
            • Request Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
            • Release Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
            • Add Comment to Activities (Teamwork)
            • Libraries in Teamwork
          • Hotlink Modules
            • About Hotlink Modules
            • Place Hotlink
            • Hotlink Modules
            • Edit Hotlink Module Content
            • Hotlink Settings
            • Hotlink Module Manager
            • Create Module (.mod) File
            • Save Selection in PLN Format
          • Project Markup
            • Display of Markup Items
              • Manage Markup Entries
              • Display of Markup Items
            • Add New Markup Entry
            • Mark Up the Model View
            • Project Markup
            • Teamwork and Project Markup
            • Export/Import Markup Using BIM Collaboration Format (BCF)
            • Export/Import Markup Using PDF
          • Collision Detection
          • Collaboration
        • Visualization
          • Cameras
          • PhotoRendering
            • PhotoRendering Settings Palette
            •  CineRender Basic Settings
            • PhotoRendering
            • Create Rendered Image
          • Visualization Extras
            • Fly-Through
            • Sun Study
            • Align View
            • Visualization Extras
          • GRAPHISOFT BIMx
            • Create BIMx Hyper-Model
              • Create BIMx Hyper-Model from Publisher
              • Create BIMx Hyper-Model
              • Create BIMx Hyper-Model Using a Wizard
              • Republish Hyper-model
            • BIMx: Notes on Model Data, Size, Textures and Shadows
            • GRAPHISOFT BIMx
          • Visualization
        • Energy Evaluation
          • Energy Evaluation Workflow: Overview
            • General Settings for Energy Evaluation
            • Energy Evaluation Workflow: Overview
          • Energy Evaluation: Direct BIM to BEM
            • Internal Space Zones for Energy Evaluation
            • Building Energy Model View
            • Energy Evaluation: Direct BIM to BEM
            • Automatic Model Geometry and Material Property Analysis in Energy Evaluation
          • Energy Model Review Palette
            • List and Tree Tab Page View Options
            • Thermal Blocks Tab Page
            • Structures Tab Page
            • Energy Model Review Palette
            • Openings Tab Page
            • Building Energy Model Visualization
          • Additional Data Assignment and Input
            • Thermal Block Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Structure Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Opening Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Climate Data (Energy Evaluation)
            • Additional Data Assignment and Input
            • Environment Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Operation Profiles (Energy Evaluation)
            • Building Systems (Energy Evaluation)
            • Energy Source Factors (Energy Evaluation)
            • Energy Costs (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Performance Evaluation
            • Start Energy Simulation (Energy Evaluation)
            • Interoperability with Green Software (Energy Evaluation)
            • Advisory Messages (Energy Evaluation)
            • VIP-Core Dynamic Simulation Engine (Energy Evaluation)
            • Energy Evaluation Report Dialog
            • Energy Performance Evaluation
            • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - PDF Report
            • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - XLS Report
          • Energy Evaluation
        • Interoperability
          • File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
            • File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
            • ARCHICAD File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
            • CAD Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
            • Image Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
            • Model/3D Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
            • Other Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
            • ARCHICAD File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
            • CAD Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
            • File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
            • Image Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
            • Model/3D Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
            • Document and Other Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Working with PDF Documents
            • Create PDF Output Using the Publisher
              • PDF Options
              • Create PDF Output Using the Publisher
            • Save Document in PDF Format
            • 3D Content in PDF
            • Working with PDF Documents
          • Working with DWG/DXF Files
            • Opening DWG/DXF Files
            • Saving DWG/DXF Files
            • Merge a DXF/DWG File
            • Working with DWG/DXF Files
          • Working with XREFs
            • Attributes of XREF Files
            • Using XREFs in Round-Trip Communication
            • Working with XREFs
          • Working with Point Clouds
            • Import Point Clouds
            • Trace Point Cloud to Create Model Elements
            • Optimize Display of Point Cloud Object
            • Redefine Origin of Point Cloud Object
            • Place Point Cloud Object in Teamwork Project
            • Working with Point Clouds
          • Working With Rhino 3D Models
            • Open or Merge Rhino Model
            • Import Rhino 3DM File as Object
            • Hotlink Rhino File
            • Export Model to Rhino
            • Working With Rhino 3D Models
          • Interoperability with MEP Applications
            • Export ARCHICAD Files to MEP Software
            • Handling Architectural Content in MEP Software
            • Importing MEP Content into ARCHICAD
            • Handling MEP Content in ARCHICAD
            • Interoperability with MEP Applications
          • Interoperability with Energy Analysis
            • Integrated Energy Evaluation
            • Export Files from ARCHICAD to Energy Analysis Software
            • Import Energy Analysis Results Into ARCHICAD
            • Interoperability with Energy Analysis
          • Merging Files to ARCHICAD
          • Import/Export Property Data via Spreadsheet
          • Import BIM Content
          • Interoperability
        • Working with IFC
          • IFC File Types Supported by ARCHICAD
          • IFC Project Manager
            • Functions of the IFC Project Manager
            • Navigating in the IFC Project Manager: Tree Structure
            • Navigating in IFC Project Manager: Attributes and Properties
            • Assign or Edit IFC Property/Attribute Values
            • Create New, Custom IFC Property or Classification
            • Apply Predefined Rules
            • Assignments in IFC Project Manager
            • Type Products in IFC Project Manager
            • IFC Project Manager
          • Appendix: IFC Terms and Concepts
            • Model View Definitions
            • IFC Data Types
            • Appendix: IFC Terms and Concepts
          • Translators for Export (Detailed Settings)
            • Model Filter for IFC Export
            • Type Mapping for IFC Export
            • Geometry conversion for IFC Export
            • Property Mapping for IFC Export
            • Using Property Mapping
            • Data Conversion for IFC Export
            • IFC Global Unique Identifier Attribute (GlobalId)
            • Unit Conversion for IFC Export
            • Translators for Export (Detailed Settings)
          • Translators for Import (Detailed Settings)
            • Property Mapping for IFC Import
              • Using the Mapping Table
              • Assigning Property Values in ARCHICAD (Based on IFC Property Mapping)
              • Property Mapping for IFC Import
            • Model Filter for IFC Import
            • Type Mapping for IFC Import
            • Geometry Conversion for IFC Import
            • Layer Conversion for IFC Import
            • Material and Surface Conversion
            • Translators for Import (Detailed Settings)
          • Appendix: IFC Data Mapping in ARCHICAD
            • Predefined Property Mapping (Export ARCHICAD to IFC)
            • Built-in IFC Element Type Mapping for ARCHICAD
            • Data Types for Properties in IFC and ARCHICAD
            • Appendix: IFC Data Mapping in ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD Classifications and Categories in IFC
          • Export IFC Model from ARCHICAD
          • Import IFC Model to ARCHICAD
          • Open IFC Model
          • Merge IFC Project
          • Hotlink IFC File
          • Detect IFC Model Changes
          • Update with IFC Model
          • Manage IFC Data at Element Level
          • IFC Local Preferences
          • Find and Select Elements by IFC Data
          • Scheduling Elements with IFC Data
          • IFC Translators: Overview
          • Filter Model at Import (Secondary Filter)
          • Working with IFC
          • Filter Model at Export
        • User Interface Reference
          • Dialog Boxes
            • Select License Type
            • Work Environment
              • Work Environment Schemes
              • Work Environment Profiles
              • Work Environment
              • Dialog Boxes and Palettes
              • Selection and Element Information
              • Tracker and Coordinate Input
              • Input Constraints and Guides Dialog Box
              • Model Rebuild Options
              • Publisher
              • More Options
              • Advanced Redraw Options
              • On-Screen Options
              • Data Safety & Integrity
              • Network And Update Options
              • Special Folders
              • Shortcut Customization Dialog Box
              • Toolbox Customization Dialog Box
              • Tool Settings Dialog Box Customization
              • Info Box Customization Dialog Box
              • Toolbar Customization Dialog Box
              • Menu Customization Dialog Box
            • Surface Settings (CineRender)
              • CineRender Surface Channels
              • Textures (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Special Settings for Image Textures (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Mix Mode and Mix Strength (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Shaders List (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Procedural Shaders (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Shader Effects (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Sketch Shaders (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Additional Effects for Shader Layers/Folders (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Using Layers to Combine Shaders (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Textures (CineRender Surfaces)
              • Color (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Diffusion (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Luminance (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Transparency (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Reflectance (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Environment (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Fog (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Bump (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Normal (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Alpha (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Glow (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Displacement (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Grass (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Illumination (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Surface Settings (CineRender)
            • Merge DXF-DWG
              • Merge DXF-DWG Model Space Dialog Box
              • Import Options for Elements on Paper Space
              • Smart Merge Options
              • Merge DXF-DWG
            • DXF/DWG Translation Setup
              • Drawing Unit (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Open Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Save Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Attributes (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Layers (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Pens & Colors (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Line Types (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Fills (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Font-Style Conversion (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Miscellaneous (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Custom Functions (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • DXF/DWG Translation Setup
            • XREF Management Dialog Box
              • Attach XREF Options
              • XREF Management Dialog Box
            • Print Interactive Schedule
              • Header/Footer Settings
              • Print Interactive Schedule
            • GDL (Geometric Description Language)
              • GDL Object Editor
              • Text Editing Commands in GDL Script Windows
              • Subtype Hierarchy Dialog Box (GDL Master Window)
              • GDL (Geometric Description Language)
            • 3D Projection Settings
              • Parallel Projection Settings
              • Perspective Projection Settings
              • 3D Projection Settings
            • Surface Settings Dialog Box
              • Create, Load and Share Surfaces (All Engines)
              • Match Settings with CineRender Surfaces
              • Surface Settings Dialog Box
            • Project Preferences Dialog Boxes
              • Dimensions Preferences
              • Calculation Units and Rules Preferences
                • Zones Preferences
                • Calculation Units and Rules Preferences
              • Reference Levels Preferences
              • Project Preferences Dialog Boxes
              • Legacy Preferences
            • Detailed CineRender Settings
              • General Considerations When Using Detailed Settings
              • CineRender Effects
                • Ambient Occlusion (CineRender Effect)
                • Caustics (CineRender Effect)
                • Cel Renderer (CineRender Effect)
                • Color Mapping (CineRender Effect)
                • Color Correction (CineRender Effect)
                • Depth of Field (CineRender Effect)
                • Lens and Filters (CineRender Effect)
                • Vignetting (CineRender Effect)
                • CineRender Effects
                • Distance Fog (CineRender Effect)
                • Monochrome Model (CineRender Effect)
              • Global Illumination (CineRender)
                • Preset (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Primary and Secondary Method (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Sampling (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Radiosity Maps
                • How Does QMC Work?
                • Irradiance Cache
                • Irradiance Cache (Legacy) (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Details (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Global Illumination (CineRender)
              • Physical Renderer (CineRender)
                • Physical Camera
                • Physical Renderer Options
                • Physical Renderer Advanced
                • Physical Renderer (CineRender)
              • Navigating in the PhotoRendering Settings Palette
              • List of Detailed CineRender Settings
              • Light Adjustments (CineRender)
              • Shadow Casting (CineRender)
              • Environment: Physical Sky (CineRender)
              • Environment: HDRI Sky (CineRender)
              • Tone Mapping
              • General Options (CineRender)
              • Antialiasing (CineRender)
              • Grass (PhotoRendering Option)
              • Spherical Camera (CineRender)
              • Stereo Rendering (CineRender)
              • Detailed CineRender Settings
            • Dialog Boxes
            • Layer Settings Dialog Box
            • Line Types Dialog Box
            • Building Materials Dialog Box
            • Composite Structures Dialog Box
            • Pens & Colors Dialog Box
            • Surface Exposure to Light Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Surface Vectorial Hatching Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Surface Texture Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Add-On Manager
            • Story Settings Dialog Box
            • Edit Elements by Stories Dialog Box
            • Floor Plan Cut Plane Settings Dialog Box
            • Copy Dialog Box
            • Linework Consolidation Settings
            • Fill Consolidation Settings
            • Model View Options for Construction Elements
            • Detail Level of Door, Window and Skylight Symbols
            • Miscellaneous Settings for Library Parts
            • 3D Document Settings
            • Filter and Cut Elements in 3D Dialog Box
            • 3D Styles
            • Open GL Options
            • Sunlight Settings
            • RoofMaker Settings
            • TrussMaker Settings
            • Grid System Settings
            • Scheme Settings Dialog Box (Interactive Schedule)
            • Index Settings Dialog Box
            • View Settings Dialog Box
            • Book Settings Dialog Box
            • Subset Settings Dialog Box
            • Layout Settings
            • Import Views from ARCHICAD Project
            • Master Layout Settings
            • Drawing Manager
            • Pasting Dialog Box
            • Paste Options Dialog Box
            • Print 2D Document
            • Print 3D Document
            • Print Picture
            • Print Layout
            • Plot Setup
            • Plot 2D Document
            • Plot Layout
            • PhotoRendering Settings
            • Basic Rendering Engine
            • Sketch Rendering Engine
            • Markup Styles Dialog Box
          • Controls
            • Project Chooser
            • Controls
            • The 2D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
            • The 3D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
            • Control Box
            • Coordinates Palette
            • Search and Replace Text Dialog Box
            • Formatting Palette and Text Editor Controls
            • Renovation Palette
            • Teamwork Palette
            • Project Info
            • Project Notes
            • Project Preview
            • Architect Credits in BIMx
            • Session Report Window
            • Solid Element Operations Palette
            • Classic 3D Navigation Toolbar
          • Tool Settings Dialog Boxes
            • Working in Tool Settings Dialog Boxes
            • Object Tool Settings
              • Panels of the Object Settings Dialog Box
              • Object Tool Settings
            • Dimension Tool Settings
              • Linear Dimension Tool Settings
              • Dimension Tool Settings
            • Door/Window Tool Settings
              • Door/Window Preview and Positioning Panel
              • Where to Set Door/Window Parameters
              • Floor Plan Display of Door/Window: Symbolic vs. Projected
              • Door/Window Tool Settings
            • Special Lamp Parameters
              • Basic Light Parameters
              • General Light Sources and Effects
              • Special Lamp Parameters
            • Custom Settings Panel for a Door/Window
              • Shape
              • Nominal Sizes and Tolerance
              • Door/Window Settings and Opening
              • Frame Style and Dimensions
              • Natural Ventilation
              • Door Leaf Type
              • Handle and Kick Board
              • Leaf and Sash Dimension
              • Sash Type/Sash Options (Door or Window)
              • Opening Type and Angle (Door/Window)
              • Opening Lines (Door/Window)
              • Opening Lines - Sidelight and Transom
              • Model Attributes of Door/Window Opening
              • Wall Opening
              • Reveal Settings
              • Wall Closure
              • Masonry Arch
              • Tolerances
              • Model Attributes of Wall Opening
              • Fixtures and Fittings
              • Threshold Settings
              • Sill Settings
              • Board Settings
              • Casing Outside/Inside Settings
              • Sunshade Settings
              • Model Attributes of Fixtures and Fittings
              • Floor Plan and Section Tab Page (Door/Window Settings)
              • Minimal Space
              • Frame and Sash
              • Frame Widths
              • Custom Corner
              • Wall Inset
              • Custom Settings Panel for a Door/Window
            • Wall Tool Settings
            • Roof Tool Settings
            • Tool Settings Dialog Boxes
            • Shell Tool Settings
            • Beam Tool Settings
            • Column Tool Settings
            • Slab Tool Settings
            • Mesh Tool Settings
            • Zone Tool Settings
            • Morph Tool Settings
            • Settings of Library Part Elements
            • Other Panels in Door/Window Settings
            • Skylight Tool Settings
            • Dimension Text Settings
            • Convert Dimensions Dialog Box (Add-On)
            • Text Tool Settings
            • Text Style Panel
            • Label Tool Settings
            • Drawing Settings
            • Fill Tool Settings
            • Line Tool Settings
            • Arc/Circle Tool Settings
            • Polyline Tool Settings
            • Section and Elevation Settings
            • Interior Elevation (IE) Tool Settings
            • Worksheet and Detail Tool Settings
            • Change Tool Settings
            • Grid Tool Settings
            • Wall End Tool Settings
            • Spline Tool Settings
            • Hotspot Tool Settings
            • Figure Tool Settings
            • Camera Tool Settings
          • User Interface Reference
        • Extra Topics
          • Bluebeam Connection
          • Extra Topics
        • Functions in Expressions
          • CONSTANTS
            • Pi [PI]
            • CONSTANTS
            • True[TRUE]False[FALSE]
          • OPERATORS
            • Add [+]
            • Divide [/]
            • OPERATORS
            • Equals [=]
            • Greater Than [>]
            • Greater Than or Equal to [>=]
            • Not Equal [<>]
            • Power [^]
            • Subtract [-]
          • LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
            • And [AND]
            • Or [OR]
            • Not [NOT]
            • If [IF]
            • Exclusive Or [XOR]
            • Is Undefined [ISUNDEFINED]
          • MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
            • Absolute Value [ABS]
            • e Exponent [EXP]
            • Natural Logarithm [LN]
            • Base Logarithm [LOG]
            • Base 10 Logarithm [LOG10]
            • Remainder [MOD]
            • Nth Root [NTHROOT]
            • Power [POWER]
            • Quotient [QUOTIENT]
            • Sign [SIGN]
            • Square Root [SQRT]
            • Sum [SUM]
            • Round to Multiple [MROUND]
            • Round Down to Multiple [MROUNDDOWN]
            • Round Up to Multiple [MROUNDUP]
            • Round [ROUND]
            • Round Down [ROUNDDOWN]
            • Round Up [ROUNDUP]
          • TRIGONOMETRICAL FUNCTIONS
            • Arccosine [ACOS]
            • Arccotangent [ACOT]
            • Arcsine [ASIN]
            • Arctangent [ATAN]
            • Cosine [COS]
            • Cotangent [COT]
            • Sine [SIN]
            • Tangent [TAN]
          • STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS
            • Average [AVG]
            • Maximum [MAX]
            • Minimum [MIN]
          • TEXT EDITING FUNCTIONS
            • Compare [COMPARE]
            • Merge Strings [CONCAT]
            • Find String [FIND]
            • String from Left [LEFT]
            • Length of String [LEN]
            • Lower Case [LOWER]
            • String from Position [MID]
            • Replace in String [REPLACE]
            • Repeat String [REPT]
            • String from Right [RIGHT]
            • Split String [SPLIT]
            • Split String to Left [SPLITLEFT]
            • Split String to Right [SPLITRIGHT]
            • Substitute Strings [SUBSTITUTE]
            • Join Strings [TEXTJOIN]
            • Trim [TRIM]
            • Upper Case [UPPER]
          • DATA CONVERSION
            • Convert to String [STR]
            • Convert Unit to String [STRCALCUNIT]
            • Number from String [STRTONUM]
          • Functions in Expressions
        • Getting Help on ARCHICAD 22
        • License & Trademark Information
      • ARCHICAD 22 Calculation Guide
        • Editing the Calculation Database
          • Editing Keys
          • Editing Units
          • Editing Components
          • Editing Descriptors
        • Property Objects
          • Creating and Editing Property Objects
          • Defining Components and Descriptors
          • Linking Components and Descriptors to Databases
          • Linking Property Objects to Element Criteria
          • Creating Criteria for Property Assignment
          • Assigning Properties to Elements
          • Last Selection’s Properties
          • Locating Property Objects
        • List Schemes and Templates
          • Editing List Schemes
            • Elements Tab Page
            • Properties & Parameters Tab Page
            • List Format Tab Page
            • Graphic Template
          • Component Lists
            • Components Tab Page
            • Properties & Parameters Tab Page
          • Zone Lists
            • Zones Tab Page
            • Properties & Parameters Tab Page
            • Related Elements Tab Page
          • The Setup List Schemes Dialog Box
          • Managing List Schemes
        • Using the Format Wizard/Format Assistant
          • Format Wizard: Layout Tab Page
          • Edit Page Item
          • Format Wizard: Content Tab Page
          • Format Wizard: Fields Tab Page
        • Step By Step Examples
          • B: Graphic Template Setup Example
        • Introduction
        • Calculation Commands
        • List Types
        • Structure of the Calculation Databases
      • ARCHICAD 22 MEP Modeler User Guide
        • Editing MEP Elements
          • Editing Straight Segments
          • Editing Flexible Elements
          • Editing Bends
          • Editing In-line Elements
          • Editing Terminal Elements
        • Getting Started with MEP Modeler
          • Licenses
          • Installation
          • Uninstall
        • MEP Routing Function
          • Begin Routing at Existing MEP Element
            • Start Routing at Connection Port of a Straight Segment
            • Start Routing at Connection Port of Other MEP Element Types
            • Start Routing by Placing Junction on a Placed MEP Element
          • Set Routing Preferences
          • Start Routing
          • Finish Routing
          • Vary Elevations During Routing
          • Routing Options
          • Routing With the Magic Wand
        • Place Individual MEP Elements
          • Insert Junction Elements
        • Setting and Editing Element Defaults
          • MEP Custom Settings Panel
            • General Settings
            • Visualization
            • Connections
          • Preview and Positioning Panel
        • Overview
        • MEP Work Environment
        • MEP Library
        • MEP Connection Ports
        • MEP Element Display on Stories
        • MEP Systems
        • MEP Preferences
        • Resize MEP Elements
        • Select Connected MEP Elements
        • Edit Selected Elements
        • Create Custom MEP Part
        • Behavior of MEP-Compatible Objects
    • Add-Ons and Plugins
      • ArchiGlazing
        • Introduction
        • Installing ArchiGlazing
        • Using the ArchiGlazing Tools
        • Vertical Glass Structures
        • Slanted Glass Structures
        • Sketch Window
        • Conic Glass Structures
        • Shed Glass Structures
        • Winter Gardens
        • ArchiGlazing
      • Cinema 4D Exchange
        • Element Settings
          • Element Settings
        • Overview
        • Usage Scenario 1: Exporting CINEMA 4D Exchange File for Visualization with Scene Update functionality
        • Usage Scenario 2: CINEMA 4D Exchange File Import
        • Usage Scenario 3: Bidirectional Free-Form Modeling
        • CINEMA 4D Exchange Export / Import Settings
        • Element Dependency
        • Cinema 4D Exchange
      • Artlantis Help
        • Artlantis Help
    • BIMx
      • BIMx Desktop Viewer Legacy User Guide
        • Introduction
        • BIMx Desktop Viewer Legacy Menu Commands
        • BIMx Navigation Tools and Shortcuts
        • BIMx Desktop Viewer Legacy User Guide
      • BIMx Web Viewer Help
        • Welcome to BIMx Web Viewer
          • 3D Navigation Modes
            • Basic Navigation Mode
            • Walk Mode (e)
            • Gamer Mode (g)
          • 3D Navigation Modes
            • Basic Navigation Mode
            • Walk Mode (e)
            • Gamer Mode (g)
          • Welcome to BIMx Web Viewer
          • Index of Views
          • See Hyper-Model Info
          • Open a View
          • Use Markers to Navigate
          • Cutting Plane in 3D Model (c)
          • See Info on a Model Element
          • Create Hyperlink to Model Element
          • Display Zones and Zone Info
          • Navigate in 2D
          • Resize and Navigate: Shortcut Commands
          • View Gallery/Animation
          • Your BIMx Hyper-Model: Basic Info
          • Use Index Browser to See Hyper-Model Views
          • Open a View
          • Navigate in 3D
          • See Info on a Model Element
          • Navigate in 2D
          • Expand View to Full Screen
          • Launch Hyper-model in New Window
          • Toolbox Commands
      • BIMx Desktop Viewer User Guide
        • Welcome to BIMx Desktop Viewer
          • 3D Navigation Modes
            • Navigation Basics
            • Walk Mode (shortcut: e)
            • Gamer Mode (shortcut: g)
            • SpaceMouse: 3D Connexion Settings
          • Index of Views
          • See Hyper-Model Info
          • Open a View
          • Use Markers to Navigate
          • Cutting Plane in 3D Model (shortcut: c)
          • See Info on a Model Element
          • Display Zones and Zone Info
          • Navigate in 2D
          • Resize and Navigate: Shortcut Commands
          • View Gallery/Animation
          • System Requirements and Updates
    • ARCHICAD 23
      • ARCHICAD 23 Reference Guide
        • Network Installation for BIM Managers
          • Command Line Parameters (Custom Install)
          • Option File (Custom Install)
          • Installer Log Files and Error Codes
          • Unattended Uninstall
          • Third-Party Prerequisites
          • Customized Company Defaults for Unattended Installation (ARCHICAD Only)
        • Install Guide for ARCHICAD 23
          • Install ARCHICAD
          • Mac OS 10.15: Enable Full Disk Access
          • Your ARCHICAD License Key
          • Add/Repair ARCHICAD
          • Updates for ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD Tools and Utilities
          • Uninstall ARCHICAD
          • Using a CodeMeter Server
        • ARCHICAD 23 New Features Guide
          • ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
            • New Opening Tool
              • Modeling Engineering Openings
              • Modeling Architectural Openings
              • Information Management and Visualization of the New Openings
              • Documentation of the New Openings
              • Interoperability of the New Openings
            • Beam and Column Tool Renewal
              • New Element-level Modeling Features
              • Segment Level Modeling
              • New Settings Interface
              • Sub-Element/Element level Data Management
              • Advanced 2D Documentation
              • Interoperability with Complex Beams and Columns
            • 2D Representation of Connected Slabs on Floor Plan
          • PRODUCTIVITY
            • Integrated Software Key Activation & Deactivation
            • Renamed View Settings No Longer “Missing”
            • Text Label Pointer Lines: More Options
            • Small Improvements
          • PERFORMANCE
            • New Startup Dialog – Open Multiple Projects at Once
            • Open Project, No Questions Asked
            • Navigating Among Tabs
            • Faster Rebuild of Views
            • Store Only Visible Parts of Linked Content/Drawings
            • Faster IFC Import and Export
          • LIBRARY ENHANCEMENTS
            • General Library Enhancements
              • Improved Curtain Wall Window
              • Improved Elevator object
              • Improved Ramp object
            • New Intellectual Property Licenses for Custom Library Parts
            • Other Local Library Enhancements
          • VISUALIZATION
          • INTEROPERABILITY
          • INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
        • Migrating to ARCHICAD 23
          • Migration Topics: Migrating from Versions 18-22
            • Migrating Libraries to ARCHICAD 23
            • Migrating a Teamwork Project (v. 13-22) to ARCHICAD 23
          • Migrating from Older Versions (ARCHICAD 8.1 through 17)
            • Migration of Rendering/Surface Settings to CineRender
            • Migration of Lights and Lamp Settings
            • Images from QuickTime Formats
            • Element Display in Interior Elevations
            • Building Materials: Collision Detection Setting
            • Building Materials: Attribute Migration Issues
            • Migrating EcoDesigner or Energy Evaluation Data
            • Priority-Based Element Intersections
            • Display of Transparent Elements
            • Walls, Zones, Columns: Toplink Option
            • Core-Based Reference Plane for Slab
            • Core-Based Wall Reference Line
            • Changed Renovation Features
            • Migrating Roofs and Skylights
            • VR Scenes and VR Objects No Longer Supported
            • Migration of Exported Options Files (.xml, .aat, .prf)
            • Find & Select Criteria Sets
            • Open Older (pre-13) Teamwork Files in ARCHICAD 23
            • Migrating Libraries and Objects from ARCHICAD 12 and Earlier
            • “Automatic” Home Story Setting Eliminated
            • Doors and Windows in Partial Structure Display
            • Lost IFC Data
            • Section/Elevation Marker Display
            • DXF/DWG Translator Changes in Converting ARCHICAD Fills
            • Migrate Projects Containing Hotlinks
            • Migrating PlotMaker Layout Books to ARCHICAD 23
        • Configuration
          • Favorites
            • Apply a Favorite
            • Search Favorites
            • Create New Favorite
            • Redefine Favorite
            • Edit Settings of One or More Favorites
            • Missing Content in Favorite
            • Favorites Palette
            • Import/Export Favorites
          • ARCHICAD User Interface
            • Tab Bar
              • Transfer Settings Among Tabs
            • Arranging Palettes, Toolbars and Windows
            • Set Window Background and Grid Line Color
            • Quick Options Bar
            • Toolbox
            • Info Box
            • Menus
            • Toolbars
            • Shortcuts
            • Palettes
            • Pet Palettes
          • Libraries
            • Embedded Library
              • Add Objects to Embedded Library
              • Manage Embedded Objects
            • BIMcloud Libraries
              • Add BIMcloud Library
              • Manage BIMcloud Libraries
            • Library Manager
            • Linked Libraries
            • Remove Library from Project
            • Recommendations for Using Libraries
            • Troubleshooting Library Issues
            • Library Container File
          • Attributes
            • Layers
              • About Layers
              • Quick Layers
              • Layer Combinations
              • Use Layers to Prevent Intersections
              • Use Separate Layer Settings for the Layout Book
              • Place All Elements on a Single “Active Layer” (Simulate AutoCAD Work Methods)
            • Pen Sets
              • Apply a Pen Set
              • Redefine a Pen Set
              • Transfer a Pen Set to Another Project
            • Surfaces
              • About Surfaces
              • Override Surfaces With Surface Painter
              • Surface Painter Palette
              • Override Surfaces in Element Settings
              • Align 3D Texture
              • Display of Surfaces in Renderings
            • Attribute Manager
              • Attribute Manager: Editable Attribute Parameters
                • Layer Combinations and Layers (Attribute Manager)
                • Pen Sets and Pens (Attribute Manager)
                • Line Types (Attribute Manager)
                • Fill Types (Attribute Manager)
                • Surfaces (Attribute Manager)
                • Building Materials (Attribute Manager)
                • Composites
                • Profiles (Attribute Manager)
                • Zone Categories (Attribute Manager)
                • Markup Styles (Attribute Manager)
                • Cities (Attribute Manager)
                • MEP Systems (Attribute Manager)
                • Operation Profiles
              • Attribute Management Commands
              • Revert Changes in Attribute Manager
            • Missing Attributes
              • Find and Select Elements with Missing Attributes
            • Line Types
            • Fill Types
            • Building Materials
            • Composite Structures
            • Custom Attributes of GDL Objects
            • Delete and Replace Attributes in a Model
          • Start ARCHICAD
          • Open Recent Project(s)
          • Browse for a Project
          • Opening Legacy or Archive Projects: Manage Library Parts
          • Create New Project
          • Close Project
          • Saving from ARCHICAD
          • File Compression
          • ARCHICAD License Types
          • Sign In with GRAPHISOFT ID
          • Resolving Issues with Serial Numbers
          • Template Files
          • Backup Files
          • Archive Projects
          • Create Support Package (Troubleshooting)
          • License Information
          • Opening Projects through a Network
          • Add-Ons and Goodies
          • Working Units
          • Project Location and Project North
          • Project Preferences
          • Scale
        • Interaction
          • Navigation
            • Pop-up Navigator
              • Navigator Project Map
              • Navigator View Map
            • Navigation in the 3D Window
              • Accessing 3D Navigation Commands
              • Explore Model (3D Navigation)
              • Orbit (3D Navigation)
              • Navigator Preview (3D)
              • 3D Connexion Enabler
            • Organizer Palette
              • Clone a Folder in the View Map
              • Navigator Layout Book
              • Navigator Publisher
              • Access Views/Layouts from External ARCHICAD Project
            • How to Navigate Among ARCHICAD Views
            • Zoom
            • Fit in Window
            • Set Orientation
            • Navigator Preview (2D)
            • Navigator Palette
          • Origins
            • Elevation Values in the Tracker
          • Selection
            • Selecting Elements
              • Quick Selection of Surface Areas
              • Select Multiple Elements With Selection Polygon
            • Selection Feedback
              • Selection Highlight and Element Information Highlight
            • Marquee Area
              • Marquee Area Definition
              • Save Marquee Area as PDF or DWG
              • Copy/Paste Marquee Area from Project Window
              • Other Editing Operations within the Marquee
            • Element Information Pop-up (Info Tags)
            • Find and Select Elements
            • Define Element Criteria
            • Predefined Criteria Sets
            • Edit Selection Set
            • Store Selection Sets in Selections Palette
          • On-Screen Input Aids
            • Relative Construction Methods
              • Parallel and Perpendicular Constraints
              • Angle Bisector Constraint
              • Offset and Multiple Offset Constraints (Relative Construction Methods)
              • Aligning Elements to a Surface in 3D
            • Tracker
              • Element Input Using Tracker Coordinates
            • Magic Wand
              • Magic Wand Settings
            • Editing Plane in 3D Window
              • Editing Plane Display
              • Reposition Editing Plane
              • Editing Plane and 3D Element Input
            • Snap Points
              • Snap Points on Temporary Vector
            • The Intelligent Cursor
            • Ruler
            • Measure Tool
            • Set up Construction Grid
            • Set up Snap Grid
            • Snap to Grid
            • Snap Guides
            • Guide Lines
            • Gravity
            • Mouse Constraints
            • Coordinate Constraints
            • Snapping to Existing Elements
            • Cursor Snap Range
          • Editing Elements
            • Move Elements
              • Nudging Elements
              • Dragging Elements
              • Rotating Elements
              • Mirroring Elements
              • Elevating Elements
            • Distribute Elements
              • Special Distribute
            • Modify Element Sizes
              • Reshaping Polygons and Chained Elements
              • Stretching with the Marquee Tool
              • Stretch Height
              • Resize (Enlarge or Reduce) Elements
              • Splitting Elements
              • Adjusting Elements
              • Adjust Elements to Slabs
              • Create a Fillet or Chamfer
              • Trim Elements Using Scissors
              • Adding Element Nodes
              • Move Nodes
              • Curve/Straighten Element Edge
            • Duplicate Elements
              • Drag, Rotate, Mirror Element Copies
              • Multiply Elements
            • Basic Editing Operations
            • Cancel Operations (ESC Key, Backspace)
            • Offset All Edges
            • Intersect Two Elements
            • Align Elements
            • Explode into Current View
            • Drag & Drop
            • Parameter Transfer
            • Element Transfer Settings
            • Group Elements
            • Lock/Unlock Elements
            • Display Order
          • Virtual Trace: Using References to Edit and Compare Model Views and Drawings
            • Choose a Trace Reference
            • Show/Hide Trace Reference
            • Move/Rotate/Reset Reference
            • Switch Reference with Active: Access Elements within the Reference for Editing or Copying
            • Activate Reference
            • Rebuild Trace Reference
            • Compare Reference with Active
          • Properties and Classification Systems
            • Property Manager
              • Expression-Defined Properties: Examples
                • Example 1: Simple Mapping
                • Example 2: Modify Element Parameter, Using an Operator
                • Example 3: Expand Property with Descriptive Text String
                • Example 4: Calculate a Quantity and Round Up
                • Example 5: Calculate a Length and Add Overhang
                • Example 6: Round Up to Standard Beam Length
                • Example 7: Display Regulation-Compliance Data for an Element
                • Example 8: Generate Expanded ID for Openings
                • Example 9: Calculate Number of Tiles to Purchase
                • Example 10: List the Total Cost of a Structure in Dollars
              • Expression-Defined Element Properties
                • Create a New Expression-Defined Property: Step By Step
                • Using Expression Editor: Context-Sensitive Help
                • Evaluate Expression-Defined Property
              • Errors in Expressions and How to Fix Them
                • Result Conflicts with Data Type
                • All Arguments Must Use the Same Data Type and Compatible Units
                • Argument’s Data Type is Not Correct
                • Data Type Not Available in ARCHICAD
                • Mathematical Error
                • Incorrect Sign and/or Number Type
                • Data Type Cannot be Changed
                • Does Not Contain Numeric Characters
              • Property Availability for Classifications
              • Assign Classifications/Properties in Element Schedule
              • Show Property Data in Labels and Markers
              • Properties in Hotlinks
              • Export/Import Properties Between Projects
            • Assign Classification
            • Assign Custom Property Value
            • Default Property Value
            • Classification Manager
          • Consolidate Lines and Fills in Drawing Windows
        • Elements of the Virtual Building
          • Construction Elements
            • Walls
              • Wall Reference Line
              • Create a Straight Wall
              • Create a Curved Wall
              • Create a Chain of Walls
              • Create a Rectangle of Walls
              • Create a Trapezoid Wall
              • Create a Polygon Wall (PolyWall)
              • Stretching Walls
              • Create a Slanted or Double-Slanted Wall
              • Modify Slanted Wall
              • Create a Log Wall
              • Walls and Other Elements
              • Modify Wall Reference Line
              • Invert Wall Direction
            • Place a Construction Element in ARCHICAD
              • Home Story
              • Define Top Link for Wall, Column, Zone or Stair
            • Columns
              • Place a Column
              • Create a Slanted Column
              • Create a Multi-Segment Column
              • Delete Column Segment or Beam Segment
              • Define Column/Segment Structure
              • Rotate Join Angle
              • Tapered Column or Segment
              • Editing Columns
              • Edit Mode for Multi-Segment Columns
              • Core and Veneer
              • Columns and Other Elements
              • Column Tool Settings: Preview and Positioning
              • Column End Cuts and Reference Axis
              • Column Model Display
              • Column Display on Floor Plan and Section
            • Beams
              • Place a Beam
              • Create a Slanted Beam
              • Curve a Beam Vertically
              • Create a Multi-Segment Beam
              • Define Beam/Segment Structure
              • Define Join Geometry
              • Tapered Beam or Segment
              • Editing Beams
              • Create a Hole in a Beam
              • Selecting and Modifying Beam Holes
              • Beams and Other Elements
              • Beam Tool Settings: Preview and Positioning
              • Beam End Cuts
              • Beam Reference Axis
              • Beam Model Display
              • Beam Display on Floor Plan and Section
              • Rotating Beam and Columns
            • Complex Profiles
              • Offset Modifiers
                • Create New Offset Modifier
                • Edit Offset Modifier
                • Offset Modifiers: Tips and Tricks
              • Create Complex Profile from Parallel Elements
              • Use Standard Steel Column or Beam Profile
              • Profile Manager
              • Create or Edit Complex Profile
              • Apply Profile to Selected Element
              • Capture Selected Element for New Profile
              • Apply Custom Surface or Line to Profile Edge
              • Profile Origin in Profile Editor Window
              • Stretch Modifiers
            • Roofs
              • Examples of Multi-plane Roofs
                • Hip Roof
                • Complex Roof
                • Gable Roof
                • Pyramidal Roof
                • Mansard Roof
                • Gablet Roof
                • Gambrel Roof
                • Cross-Gable Roof
              • Editing Roofs
                • Graphical Editing of Roof Geometry
                • Modify the Roof Pitch
                • Add Roof Level
                • Edit Roof Levels
                • Edit Eaves or Gable Overhang
                • Edit Roof Contour
                • Edit Roof Ridge
                • Customize Roof Plane
                • Customize Edge of Roof or Roof Hole
                • Create a Hole in a Roof
                • Create an Atrium
                • Add a Tower to the Roof
                • Create Roof Level Lines
                • Intersect Single-plane Roofs
              • About Roofs
              • Create a Single-plane Roof on the Floor Plan
              • Create a Single-plane Roof in the 3D Window
              • Create a Multi-plane Roof
              • Crop Elements to Single-plane Roof
              • Create Special Roof Objects with RoofMaker
            • Trim Elements to Roof or Shell
              • Trim Multiple Selected Elements: Automatic Trim
                • Automatic Trim: Example 1
                • Automatic Trim: Example 2
              • Define Trimming Bodies
              • Trim Elements to Roof: Manual Trim
            • Merge Trimming Elements
              • Merge Elements: Roofs, Shells, Morphs
              • Managing Element Connections
            • Slabs
              • Slab Reference Plane
              • Creating Slabs
              • Placing Holes in Slabs
              • Set Custom Slab Edge Angle and Edge Surface
            • Shells
              • Extruded Shells
                • Simple Extruded Vault: Parallel to the Floor Plan
                • Simple Extruded Vault: Perpendicular to the Floor Plan
                • Extruded Shell with Freely Defined Profile
              • Revolved Shells
                • Revolved Shell: Simple Input
                • Revolved Shell with Freely Defined Profile
              • Ruled Shells
                • Ruled Vaulted Shell
              • Sample Workflows for Shell Creation
                • Extruded Shell: Wavy Canopy Roof
                • Revolved Shell: Arced Triangular Roof Complex
                • Revolved Shell: Define Contours in Section
                • Ruled Shell: Tennis Court Shell
                • Ruled Shell: Twisted Tower
              • Graphical Editing of Shells
                • Options for Editing Extruded Shells
                • Options for Editing Revolved Shells
                • Options for Editing Ruled Shells
              • About Shells
              • Create Hole in Shell
              • Edit Shell Hole
              • Define Shell Contour
              • Edit Shell Contour Polygon
              • Customize Edge of Shell or Edge of Shell Hole
            • Meshes
              • Create a Mesh
              • Edit Elevation of a Mesh Point
              • Add New Points to the Mesh
              • Create a Hole in the Mesh
              • Display of Meshes
            • Zones
              • Calculating Zone Area and Zone Volume
                • Relation to Zones
              • Creating Zones
              • Zone Categories
              • 2D Display of Zone Backgrounds
              • Zone Stamps
              • 3D Display of Zone Spaces
              • Crop Zone to Another Element
              • Updating Zones
            • Curtain Wall
              • Curtain Wall Input Methods
                • Create Curtain Wall on the Floor Plan
                • Draw Curtain Wall Boundary in the Section Window
                • Create a Curved Curtain Wall: Geometry Methods
                • Create Curtain Wall in the 3D Window
                • Curtain Wall Input Plane in 3D Window
                • Extrude Curtain Wall from a Slanted Input Plane
                • Positioning Curtain Wall in Section
              • Working with Curtain Walls: Overview
              • Curtain Wall Components
              • Curtain Wall Frames
              • Curtain Wall Frame Settings
              • Curtain Wall Panels
              • Place Door- or Window-Type Panel in Curtain Wall
              • Curtain Wall Panel Settings
              • Curtain Wall Scheme Settings
              • Set up Grid Pattern in Scheme Settings
              • Create Grid Pattern Graphically
              • Model View Options for Curtain Walls
              • Curtain Wall Edit Mode
              • Edit Grid and Grid Lines in Edit Mode
              • Graphical Editing of Curtain Wall
              • Add Additional Curtain Wall Boundary
              • Curtain Wall Junctions
              • Curtain Wall Accessories
              • Curtain Wall System Settings
              • Curtain Walls and Other Elements
            • Stairs
              • Flight and Landing Structures
                • Monolithic Flight and Landing Structures
                • Beam Flight Structure
                • Beam Landing Structure
                • Cantilevered Flight and Landing Structure
                • Stringers Flight and Landing Structure
              • Stair Settings (Main Element Settings)
                • Stair Settings: Geometry and Positioning
                • Stair Settings: Rules and Standards
              • About the Stair Tool
              • Stair Input
              • Graphical Editing of Stair Scheme
              • Stair Turning Type
              • Winder Types for Equal-Going Winders
              • Stair Segment Type
              • Stair Tool Edit Mode
              • Automatic “Solver” Options to Resolve Geometric Conflicts
              • Toplinked Stairs and Changed Story Height
              • Tread and Riser Finishes
              • Split Stair Structure
              • Custom Sub-Elements for Stairs and Railings
              • Stair Endings and Connections
              • Model View Options for Stairs
              • Detail Level of Stair and Railing Symbols
              • Floor Plan/Reflected Ceiling Plan Display (Stair Settings)
              • Edit Stair Symbol Components Graphically
            • Railings
              • Baluster Settings (Railing Tool)
                • Post Component Settings (Posts/Inner Posts/Balusters)
              • Segment Settings (Railing Tool)
                • The Pattern Editor (Railing Tool Settings)
                • Segment Settings (Page of Railing Tool Settings)
                • Segment Pattern Settings (Panel of Railing Tool)
              • Rail Settings (Railing Tool)
                • Rail Component Settings (Toprail/Handrail/Rail)
              • About the Railing Tool
              • Place Railing: Basic Polyline Input
              • Place Associative Railing
              • Working with Railing Segments and Nodes
              • Railing Reference Line
              • Railing Settings: Overview
              • Railing Settings: Geometry and Symbol Display
              • Toprail Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Handrail Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Inner Post Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Panel Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Node Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Post Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Connection Settings (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
              • Railing Ends (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
              • Model View Options for Railings
            • Morphs
              • Useful Commands for Transforming Morphs
                • Transforming Morphs: Smooth & Merge Faces
                • Intersect Morph Faces (Generate Edges within a Morph)
                • Transforming Morphs: Curve & Merge Edges
                • Combine Morph Faces for Smooth Editing Effect: Use “Soft” Edges
                • Transforming Morphs: Box Stretch a Morph
                • Transforming Morphs: Cover with Faces
                • Transforming Morphs: Custom Face Settings
              • Basic Morph Editing
                • Basic Morph Editing: Push-Pull
                • Basic Morph Editing: Bulge
                • Basic Morph Editing: Add
                • Basic Morph Editing: Tube
                • Basic Morph Editing: Offset Morph Edge(s)
                • Basic Morph Editing: Curve Edge
                • Basic Morph Editing: Move Morph Sub-Element
                • Basic Morph Editing: Add Node to Morph
                • Basic Morph Editing: Fillet/Chamfer a Morph
              • Morph Selection
              • Create a 2D Morph
              • Create a Box Morph
              • Create a Revolved Morph
              • Create Morph from Existing Elements
              • Morph Edge Type: Hard, Hidden, Soft
              • Boolean Operations with Morphs
              • Morph Texture Mapping and Alignment
              • Fix Modeling Errors: Check and Solidify Morphs
            • Element Intersections
              • Basic Intersection Principles
              • Specific Element Intersections and Junctions
              • How to Make Sure Elements Collide for Best Cleanup Results
              • Intersecting Elements That Don’t Clean Up
              • Best Practices for Intersections: Conceptual Design Phase
              • Fine-Tune Intersections
              • Legacy Intersection Mode for Older-Version Projects
            • Model Element Connections
          • Parametric Objects
            • Create Custom Library Parts and Components
              • Create Custom Components: Example Workflows
                • Example: Create Custom Door Leaf
                • Example: Create Custom Frame or Cap Profile for Curtain Walls
              • Save 2D Symbols as Objects
              • Save 2D Elements as Label
              • Save 3D Elements as Objects
              • Save Rectangular Doors and Windows from 3D Model Elements
              • Save Custom-Shape Doors or Windows
              • Create Custom Components for Doors, Windows, Curtain Wall, Stair, Railing
              • Editing Custom Library Parts and Components
            • About Parametric Objects
            • Where to Find Objects for Use in ARCHICAD
            • BIM Components
            • Search for Library Part
            • Placing an Object
            • 2D and 3D Representation of Objects
            • Stretching Objects
            • Parameter Transfer Between Objects
            • Graphical Editing Using Editable Hotspots
            • Create Patch Object
            • About GDL Object Subtypes
            • Open and Edit Library Part
            • Scripting Custom Objects
            • Further Resources on GDL Object Creation
          • Dedicated Object Tools: Doors, Windows, Skylights, Wall Ends
            • Doors/Windows
              • Placing Doors or Windows
              • Previews in Door/Window Settings
              • Floor Plan Display of Doors/Windows
              • Setting the Window/Door Plane in Slanted or Complex Walls
              • Sill or Header Heights
              • Sill Height Using Subfloor Thickness
              • Anchor Reveal
              • Creating an Empty Opening
              • Moving Wall Openings
              • Doors/Windows in Curved Wall
            • Skylights
              • Placing and Moving a Skylight
              • Skylight Constraint Relative to Roof
            • Corner Windows
            • Wall Ends
          • Openings
            • Create Opening
            • Opening Display on Floor Plan
            • Use Limited Opening to Create Niche or Recess
            • Show/Hide Opening Cutting Bodies
            • Edit Opening
            • Manage Opening Connections
            • Edit Openings in Teamwork
            • Import/Save Openings with IFC
            • Create Openings from Selection
          • TrussMaker
            • Creating Trusses in the Floor Plan
            • Editing Trusses
            • Creating Trusses in Section/Elevation/IE Windows
          • Solid Element Operations
            • Solid Operation Example
              • Managing Solid Element Connections
            • About Solid Element Operations
            • Solid Operation Types
          • Properties and Classification Systems
            • Property Manager
              • Expression-Defined Properties: Examples
                • Example 1: Simple Mapping
                • Example 2: Modify Element Parameter, Using an Operator
                • Example 3: Expand Property with Descriptive Text String
                • Example 4: Calculate a Quantity and Round Up
                • Example 5: Calculate a Length and Add Overhang
                • Example 6: Round Up to Standard Beam Length
                • Example 7: Display Regulation-Compliance Data for an Element
                • Example 8: Generate Expanded ID for Openings
                • Example 9: Calculate Number of Tiles to Purchase
                • Example 10: List the Total Cost of a Structure in Dollars
              • Expression-Defined Element Properties
                • Create a New Expression-Defined Property: Step By Step
                • Using Expression Editor: Context-Sensitive Help
                • Evaluate Expression-Defined Property
              • Errors in Expressions and How to Fix Them
                • Result Conflicts with Data Type
                • All Arguments Must Use the Same Data Type and Compatible Units
                • Argument’s Data Type is Not Correct
                • Data Type Not Available in ARCHICAD
                • Mathematical Error
                • Incorrect Sign and/or Number Type
                • Data Type Cannot be Changed
                • Does Not Contain Numeric Characters
              • Property Availability for Classifications
              • Assign Classifications/Properties in Element Schedule
              • Show Property Data in Labels and Markers
              • Properties in Hotlinks
              • Export/Import Properties Between Projects
            • Assign Classification
            • Assign Custom Property Value
            • Default Property Value
            • Classification Manager
          • Ramp Object
        • Views of the Virtual Building
          • ARCHICAD Model Views
            • Stories
              • About Stories
              • Navigate Among Stories
              • Defining Story Display in 3D
              • Defining Story Display in Section/Elevation/IE
              • Create or Delete or Rename Stories
              • Story Level Lines
            • Element Display in Floor Plan and Section
              • Show On Stories
              • Floor Plan Display (Element Settings)
              • Show Projection
              • Cut Surfaces and Outlines (Element Settings)
            • 3D Window
              • 3D Cutting Planes
                • Show or Hide 3D Cutaway
                • Create a 3D Cutaway on the Floor Plan or Section
                • Create a 3D Cutaway in the 3D Window
                • Edit Cutaway
                • 3D Cutaway Attributes
                • Hide 3D Cutting Planes
                • Delete Cutting Planes
              • Show Selection/Marquee in 3D
              • Save Contents of 3D Window as a View
              • 3D Engines
              • 3D Projections
              • 3D Navigation Extras
              • 3D Window Size
            • Sections
              • Create a Section Viewpoint
              • Open a Section Viewpoint
              • Horizontal/Vertical Range of Section Viewpoint
              • Define Marker Reference for Source Marker
              • Floor Plan Display of Section Markers
              • Model Display in the Section Window
              • Editing Section/Elevation/IE Lines on Floor Plan
              • Place a Linked Section Marker
              • Place Unlinked Marker
              • Create an Independent Section Viewpoint
              • Assign Section Rebuild Status
              • Updating Sections
              • Summary of Rebuild Commands
            • Interior Elevations (IE)
              • About Interior Elevations
              • Create Interior Elevation Group
              • Create Single Interior Elevation Viewpoint
              • Interior Elevation Horizontal Range
              • Interior Elevation Vertical Range
              • Display and Edit Interior Elevation Marker Lines and Marker Range
              • Interior Elevation IDs and Names
              • Delete/Restore IE Viewpoint
              • Display of Elements in Interior Elevation
            • 3D Document
              • About the 3D Document
              • Create a 3D Document
              • Redefine the 3D Document
              • Model Display of the 3D Document
            • Details
              • About Details
              • Create a Detail Drawing Viewpoint with Model Source
              • Contents of the Detail Viewpoint
              • Place a Linked Detail Marker
              • Create an Independent Detail Viewpoint
              • Display of Detail/Worksheet Boundary
              • Update Detail/Worksheet Marker Boundary
              • Updating the Detail Window
            • Worksheets
              • About Worksheets
              • Worksheet vs. Detail
              • Create a Worksheet Drawing with Model Source
              • Contents of the Worksheet Window
              • Editing in the Worksheet Window
              • Create an Independent Worksheet Viewpoint
              • Place a Linked Worksheet Marker
            • Managing Markers in ARCHICAD
              • About Markers
              • Display of Marker Range Lines
              • Source Marker Highlight
              • Changing Marker Type
              • Transfer Marker Parameters
              • Copying a Marker
              • Find Linked Markers
              • Check Markers Palette
              • Deleting a Viewpoint/View/Drawing with a Marker
              • Deleting a Source Marker
            • Interactive Schedule
              • Types of Interactive Schedules
              • Units in Interactive Schedules
              • Open and View a Schedule
              • Show Schedule Data for Selected Floor Plan Items
              • Editing and Updating Schedule Items
              • Select Schedule Items on Floor Plan/3D
              • Define Schedule Content Using Scheme Settings
              • Create Schedule of Surfaces
              • Format Options (Interactive Schedule)
              • Schedule Headers
              • Previews and Pictures in the Interactive Schedule
              • Restructure Schedule to Fit Layout
              • Split Schedule into Multiple Layouts
            • Floor Plan Window
            • Floor Plan Cut Plane (Global Setting)
            • Elevations
            • Project Indexes
          • Model View Options
            • Define Model View Options
            • Model View Options Combinations
          • Partial Structure Display
            • Applying Partial Structure Settings to Model Windows
            • Save Partial Structure Settings by View
            • How to Define Components as “Core” or “Finish”
            • Visualizing the Entire Model
            • Partial Structure Display Settings: Effect on Elements
            • Partial Structure Display Settings in Windows Based on a Source Marker
          • Renovation
            • Renovation Filters
              • Apply Renovation Filter
              • Show an Element in a Single Renovation Filter Only
              • Renovation Filter Options
              • Examples of Renovation Filters
            • Graphic Overrides By Renovation Status
              • Openings By Renovation Status: Override Examples
            • Workflows for Tricky Renovation Situations
              • Adding Insulation to Walls: Renovation Workflow
              • Adding New Door Panel to Existing Door Frame: Renovation Workflow
              • Zone Stamps for Renovated Rooms: Renovation Workflow
              • Listing Material Quantities for Renovation Projects
            • Assign Renovation Status to Elements
            • Best Practices for Creating Renovation Views
            • Reset Renovation Status
          • Graphic Overrides
            • Graphic Override Rules
            • Graphic Override Combinations
            • Exceptions: When Overrides Don’t Apply
          • On-Screen View Options
        • Element Parameters
          • Component Listing Parameters in the Interactive Schedule
            • Calculation of Projected Component/Skin Area
          • Beam (Segment) Listing Parameters
          • Column (Segment) Listing Parameters
          • Curtain Wall Listing Parameters
          • CW Accessory Listing Parameters
          • CW Frame Listing Parameters
          • CW Junction Listing Parameters
          • CW Panel Listing Parameters
          • Door/Window Listing Parameters
          • Fill Listing Parameters
          • General Listing Parameters
          • Lamp Listing Parameters
          • Mesh Listing Parameters
          • Morph Listing Parameters
          • Object/Lamp Listing Parameters
          • Opening Listing Parameters
          • Railing Listing Parameters
          • Roof Listing Parameters
          • Shell Listing Parameters
          • Skylight Listing Parameters
          • Slab Listing Parameters
          • Stair Listing Parameters
          • Stair Finish Listing Parameters
          • Stair Structure Listing Parameters
          • Wall Listing Parameters
          • Zone Listing Parameters
          • Profile Modifiers Listing Parameters
        • Documentation
          • Fills
            • Full Set of Project Fills
            • Defining Fill Availability in Pop-Ups
            • Fill Categories
            • Assign a Cut Fill
            • Assign a Cover Fill
            • Draw a Drafting Fill
            • Add Area Text to a Fill
            • Fill Display Mode: Vectorial vs. Bitmap
            • Edit Vectorial Fill Pattern
            • Scale of Fill Type
            • Display of Vectorial Fill
            • Set Orientation of Vectorial or Symbol Fill Patterns
            • Create New Solid Fill
            • Create Symbol Fill
            • Using Gradient Fills
            • Create or Edit Image Fill
          • Drafting
            • Lines
              • Line Categories
              • Drawing a Single Straight Line Segment
              • Stretching or Shrinking Lines
              • Drawing Arcs and Full Circles
              • Stretching Curves
              • Editing an Arc Using its Tangent
              • Drawing Elliptical Arcs and Full Ellipses
              • Convert Ellipse to Circle
              • Drawing Splines
              • Editing Splines
              • Drawing Freehand Curves
              • Drawing Polylines and Chained Lines
              • Editing Polylines
            • Hotspots
            • Figures
            • Drawings in Model Views
          • Annotation
            • Dimensioning
              • Dimensioning Standards
              • Glossary of Dimensioning Terms
              • Static Dimensions
              • Linear Dimensions
              • Dimension Wall or Slab Thickness
              • Linear Dimension Geometry Methods
              • Linear Dimensions in the 3D Document Window
              • Elevation Dimensions
              • Radial Dimensions
              • Level Dimensions
              • Angle Dimensions
              • Edit Dimensions
              • Modify the Witness Line
              • Edit Text Box
              • Pointer Line
              • Automatic Exterior Dimensioning
              • Automatic Interior Dimensioning
              • Secondary Dimensions (Add-On)
            • The Grid Tool
              • Components of a Grid Element
              • Visibility of a Grid Element
              • Creating a Straight Grid Element
              • Creating a Curved Grid Element
              • Editing a Grid Element
              • Editing Grids in Teamwork
              • Place a Grid System
            • Text Blocks
              • Placing Text Blocks
              • Formatting Text Blocks As a Whole
              • Resizing Text Graphically
              • Applying Favorite Text Settings
              • Formatting Individual Components of Text Blocks
            • Autotext
              • How to Insert Autotext
              • Autotext Reference Drawing
              • Autotext Keywords
            • Labels
              • Place an Associative Label
              • Text/Autotext Label Content
              • Symbol Labels for Element Information
              • Custom Settings for Symbol Labels
              • Label Multiple Selected Elements
              • Labeling Curtain Walls
              • Labeling Stairs
              • Place an Independent Label
              • Search for Elements by Label Text
              • Find and Select Text Blocks/Labels
            • Text Editing in ARCHICAD
              • Search and Replace Text
              • Spell Checker
              • Editing Commands in Text-Type Windows
          • The Layout Book
            • Drawings in the Layout Book
              • Placing Drawings Onto the Layout
              • Arranging Multiple Drawings on the Layout
              • Drawing Frame
              • Importing PDF Files As Drawings
              • Drawing Titles
              • Managing and Updating Placed Drawings
            • Work Environment for the Layout Phase
              • Working with Layouts
              • Master Layouts
              • Subsets
            • Layout Workflow Schemes
              • Layout Workflow: Smaller Projects
              • Layout Workflow: Larger Projects
            • Layout and Drawing IDs
          • Revision Management
            • Working with Changes
              • Change Manager Palette
              • Create Change
              • Link/Unlink Change Elements
              • Add/Remove Changes on Layout Revisions
              • Change Details
              • Archive Changes in Change Manager
            • Revision Management Workflow
            • Revision Management: Default Schemes in the Template
            • Feedback on Layout Revisions
            • Revision History Data on Layout and in Layout Settings
            • Revision IDs
            • Managing Issues
            • Change List and Issue History
            • Revisions in the Publisher
            • Changes from External Files
          • Publishing
            • Publisher Function
              • Defining Publisher Output Format
              • Publishing Process
            • Print
            • Plot
          • Calculation
            • Element Information
            • ID Management
            • Element ID Manager
        • Collaboration
          • Hotlink Modules
            • About Hotlink Modules
            • Place Hotlink
            • Edit Hotlink Module Content
            • Hotlink Settings
            • Hotlink Module Manager
            • Create Module (.mod) File
            • Save Selection in PLN Format
          • Teamwork
            • External Files Linked to Teamwork Project
              • Hotlink Modules and XREFs in Teamwork
              • External Drawings in Teamwork
            • Teamwork Setup/Preparation
              • Share a Teamwork Project in ARCHICAD
              • Libraries Setup for Teamwork Project Sharing
            • Messaging (Teamwork)
              • Create a New Message (Teamwork)
              • Receive and Open Message (Teamwork)
              • Review Elements (Teamwork)
            • Reserving Teamwork Project Data (Non-Elements)
              • Feedback on Ownership of Teamwork Project Data
              • Reservation in Attribute Manager: Reserve All Attributes (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Individual Views and View Map Folders
              • Reserve Settings of Layout Book Items (Teamwork)
              • Moving Views and Layouts in the Navigator: Reservation Requirements (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Publisher Sets (Teamwork)
              • Reserve and Delete Layers (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Find and Select Criteria (Teamwork)
              • Reservation in Interactive Schedules (Teamwork)
              • Reserve List Scheme Dialog Boxes (Teamwork)
            • Reserving Elements in Teamwork
              • Overview of Teamwork Reservation
              • Reserve Elements by Selection (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Elements by Criteria (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Library Objects (Teamwork)
              • Feedback on Element Ownership (Teamwork)
              • Reservation Results (Teamwork)
            • Remote Access to Teamwork Projects
              • Working from Home and the Office: Suggested Workflow for a Teamwork Project
              • Travel Pack: Move Your Teamwork Project and Libraries to a Different Computer
              • Avoid Conflicting Work Sessions in Teamwork Projects
            • Manage Local Teamwork Data
              • Move Local Teamwork Data to a Different Folder
              • Move Local Teamwork Data to a Different Computer
              • Delete Local Teamwork Data
              • Schedule Teamwork Data Cleanup Reminder
            • Teamwork Functions at a Glance
            • GRAPHISOFT BIMcloud: Features and Benefits
            • Network Diagnostic Information
            • Open or Join Teamwork Project
            • Close Teamwork Project
            • Save Local Copy of Teamwork Project
            • Force User to Leave a Teamwork Project
            • Join or Leave a Teamwork Project
            • Send/Receive Changes in Teamwork
            • Working Online/Offline in Teamwork
            • Teamwork Interface
            • Reserve All Elements and Data (Teamwork)
            • Review Your Workspace (Teamwork)
            • Creating and Sending Project Data (Teamwork)
            • Assign Elements (Teamwork)
            • Request Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
            • Release Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
            • Add Comment to Activities (Teamwork)
            • Libraries in Teamwork
          • Project Markup
            • Display of Markup Items
              • Manage Markup Entries
            • Add New Markup Entry
            • Mark Up the Model View
            • Teamwork and Project Markup
            • Export/Import Markup Using BIM Collaboration Format (BCF)
            • Export/Import Markup Using PDF
          • Collision Detection
        • Visualization
          • Visualization Extras
            • Fly-Through
            • Sun Study
            • Align View
          • PhotoRendering
            • PhotoRendering Settings Palette
            • CineRender Basic Settings
            • Create Rendered Image
          • GRAPHISOFT BIMx
            • Create BIMx Hyper-Model
              • Create BIMx Hyper-Model from Publisher
              • Create BIMx Hyper-Model Using a Wizard
              • Republish Hyper-model
            • BIMx: Notes on Model Data, Size, Textures and Shadows
          • Cameras
        • Energy Evaluation
          • Energy Evaluation Workflow: Overview
            • General Settings for Energy Evaluation
          • Energy Evaluation: Direct BIM to BEM
            • Internal Space Zones for Energy Evaluation
            • Building Energy Model View
            • Automatic Model Geometry and Material Property Analysis in Energy Evaluation
          • Energy Model Review Palette
            • List and Tree Tab Page View Options
            • Thermal Blocks Tab Page
            • Structures Tab Page
            • Openings Tab Page
            • Building Energy Model Visualization
          • Additional Data Assignment and Input
            • Thermal Block Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Structure Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Opening Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Climate Data (Energy Evaluation)
            • Environment Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Operation Profiles (Energy Evaluation)
            • Building Systems (Energy Evaluation)
            • Energy Source Factors (Energy Evaluation)
            • Energy Costs (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Performance Evaluation
            • Start Energy Simulation (Energy Evaluation)
            • Interoperability with Green Software (Energy Evaluation)
            • Advisory Messages (Energy Evaluation)
            • VIP-Core Dynamic Simulation Engine (Energy Evaluation)
            • Energy Evaluation Report Dialog
            • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - PDF Report
            • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - XLS Report
        • Interoperability
          • File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
            • ARCHICAD File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
            • CAD Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
            • Image Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
            • Model/3D Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
            • Other Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
            • ARCHICAD File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
            • CAD Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
            • Image Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
            • Model/3D Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
            • Document and Other Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Working with PDF Documents
            • Create PDF Output Using the Publisher
              • PDF Options
            • Save Document in PDF Format
            • 3D Content in PDF
          • Working with DWG/DXF Files
            • Opening DWG/DXF Files
            • Saving DWG/DXF Files
            • Merge a DXF/DWG File
          • Working with XREFs
            • Attributes of XREF Files
            • Using XREFs in Round-Trip Communication
          • Working with Point Clouds
            • Import Point Clouds
            • Trace Point Cloud to Create Model Elements
            • Optimize Display of Point Cloud Object
            • Redefine Origin of Point Cloud Object
            • Place Point Cloud Object in Teamwork Project
          • Working With Rhino 3D Models
            • Open or Merge Rhino Model
            • Import Rhino 3DM File as Object
            • Hotlink Rhino File
            • Export Model to Rhino
          • Interoperability with MEP Applications
            • Export ARCHICAD Files to MEP Software
            • Handling Architectural Content in MEP Software
            • Importing MEP Content into ARCHICAD
            • Handling MEP Content in ARCHICAD
          • Interoperability with Energy Analysis
            • Integrated Energy Evaluation
            • Export Files from ARCHICAD to Energy Analysis Software
            • Import Energy Analysis Results Into ARCHICAD
          • Merging Files to ARCHICAD
          • Import/Export Property Data via Spreadsheet
          • Import BIM Content
        • Working with IFC
          • Appendix: IFC Data Mapping in ARCHICAD
            • Predefined Property Mapping (Export ARCHICAD to IFC)
            • Built-in IFC Type Mapping for ARCHICAD
            • Data Types for Properties in IFC and ARCHICAD
          • IFC Project Manager
            • Functions of the IFC Project Manager
            • Navigating in the IFC Project Manager: Tree Structure
            • Navigating in IFC Project Manager: Attributes and Properties
            • Assign or Edit IFC Property/Attribute Values
            • Create New, Custom IFC Property
            • Create New Classification Reference
            • Apply Predefined Rules
            • Using Assignments in IFC Project Manager
            • Using Type Products in IFC Project Manager
          • Appendix: IFC Terms and Concepts
            • Model View Definitions
            • IFC Data Types
          • Translators for Export (Detailed Settings)
            • Model Filter for IFC Export
            • Type Mapping for IFC Export
            • How to Fix Error Warnings in the Type Mapping Dialog
            • Geometry Conversion for IFC Export
            • Property Mapping for IFC Export
            • How to create a Mapping Rule
            • Examples of Property Mapping Rules
            • Data Conversion for IFC Export
            • Unit Conversion for IFC Export
            • IFC Global Unique Identifier Attribute (GlobalId)
          • Translators for Import (Detailed Settings)
            • Property Mapping for IFC Import
              • Using the Mapping Table
              • Assigning Property Values in ARCHICAD (Based on IFC Property Mapping)
            • Model Filter for IFC Import
            • Type Mapping for IFC Import
            • Geometry Conversion for IFC Import
            • Layer Conversion for IFC Import
            • Material and Surface Conversion
          • IFC File Types Supported by ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD Classifications and Categories in IFC
          • Export IFC Model from ARCHICAD
          • Import IFC Model to ARCHICAD
          • Open IFC Model
          • Merge IFC Project
          • Hotlink IFC File
          • Detect IFC Model Changes
          • Update with IFC Model
          • Manage IFC Data at Element Level
          • IFC Local Preferences
          • Define Element Criteria using IFC Data
          • IFC Translators: Overview
          • Filter Model at Import (Secondary Filter)
          • Filter Model at Export
        • User Interface Reference
          • Controls
            • Action Center
            • Project Chooser
            • The 2D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
            • The 3D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
            • Control Box
            • Coordinates Palette
            • Search and Replace Text Dialog Box
            • Formatting Palette and Text Editor Controls
            • Renovation Palette
            • Teamwork Palette
            • Project Info
            • Project Notes
            • Project Preview
            • Architect Credits in BIMx
            • Session Report Window
            • Solid Element Operations Palette
            • Classic 3D Navigation Toolbar
          • Dialog Boxes
            • Detailed CineRender Settings
              • Global Illumination (CineRender)
                • Preset (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Primary and Secondary Method (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Sampling (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Radiosity Maps
                • How Does QMC Work?
                • Irradiance Cache
                • Irradiance Cache (Legacy) (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Details (CineRender Global Illumination)
              • CineRender Effects
                • Ambient Occlusion (CineRender Effect)
                • Caustics (CineRender Effect)
                • Cel Renderer (CineRender Effect)
                • Color Mapping (CineRender Effect)
                • Color Correction (CineRender Effect)
                • Depth of Field (CineRender Effect)
                • Lens and Filters (CineRender Effect)
                • Vignetting (CineRender Effect)
                • Distance Fog (CineRender Effect)
                • Monochrome Model (CineRender Effect)
              • Physical Renderer (CineRender)
                • Physical Camera
                • Physical Renderer Options
                • Physical Renderer Advanced
              • General Considerations When Using Detailed Settings
              • Navigating in the PhotoRendering Settings Palette
              • List of Detailed CineRender Settings
              • Light Adjustments (CineRender)
              • Shadow Casting (CineRender)
              • Environment: Physical Sky (CineRender)
              • Environment: HDRI Sky (CineRender)
              • Tone Mapping
              • General Options (CineRender)
              • Antialiasing (CineRender)
              • Grass (PhotoRendering Option)
              • Spherical Camera (CineRender)
              • Stereo Rendering (CineRender)
            • Work Environment
              • Work Environment Schemes
              • Work Environment Profiles
              • Dialog Boxes and Palettes
              • Selection and Element Information
              • Tracker and Coordinate Input
              • Input Constraints and Guides Dialog Box
              • Model Rebuild Options
              • Publisher
              • More Options
              • Advanced Redraw Options
              • On-Screen Options
              • Data Safety & Integrity
              • Network And Update
              • Special Folders
              • Shortcut Customization Dialog Box
              • Toolbox Customization Dialog Box
              • Tool Settings Dialog Box Customization
              • Info Box Customization Dialog Box
              • Toolbar Customization Dialog Box
              • Menu Customization Dialog Box
            • Surface Settings (CineRender)
              • Textures (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Special Settings for Image Textures (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Mix Mode and Mix Strength (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Shaders List (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Procedural Shaders (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Shader Effects (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Sketch Shaders (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Additional Effects for Shader Layers/Folders (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Using Layers to Combine Shaders (CineRender Surfaces)
              • CineRender Surface Channels
              • Color (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Diffusion (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Luminance (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Transparency (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Reflectance (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Environment (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Fog (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Bump (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Normal (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Alpha (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Glow (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Displacement (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Grass (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Illumination (CineRender Surface Channel)
            • Merge DXF-DWG
              • Merge DXF-DWG Model Space Dialog Box
              • Import Options for Elements on Paper Space
              • Smart Merge Options
            • DXF/DWG Translation Setup
              • Drawing Unit (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Open Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Save Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Attributes (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Layers (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Pens & Colors (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Line Types (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Fills (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Font-Style Conversion (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Miscellaneous (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Custom Functions (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • XREF Management Dialog Box
              • Attach XREF Options
            • Print Interactive Schedule
              • Header/Footer Settings
            • GDL (Geometric Description Language)
              • GDL Object Editor
              • Text Editing Commands in GDL Script Windows
              • Subtype Hierarchy Dialog Box (GDL Master Window)
            • 3D Projection Settings
              • Parallel Projection Settings
              • Perspective Projection Settings
            • Surface Settings Dialog Box
              • Create, Load and Share Surfaces (All Engines)
              • Match Settings with CineRender Surfaces
              • Surface Exposure to Light Panel (Basic Engine)
              • Surface Vectorial Hatching Panel (Basic Engine)
              • Surface Texture Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Project Preferences Dialog Boxes
              • Calculation Units and Rules Preferences
                • Zones Preferences
              • Dimensions Preferences
              • Reference Levels Preferences
              • Legacy Preferences
            • Select License Type
            • Layer Settings Dialog Box
            • Line Types Dialog Box
            • Building Materials Dialog Box
            • Composite Structures Dialog Box
            • Pens & Colors Dialog Box
            • Add-On Manager
            • Story Settings Dialog Box
            • Edit Elements by Stories Dialog Box
            • Floor Plan Cut Plane Settings Dialog Box
            • Copy Dialog Box
            • Linework Consolidation Settings
            • Fill Consolidation Settings
            • Model View Options for Construction Elements
            • Detail Level of Door, Window and Skylight Symbols
            • Miscellaneous Settings for Library Parts
            • 3D Document Settings
            • Filter and Cut Elements in 3D Dialog Box
            • 3D Styles
            • Open GL Options
            • Sunlight Settings
            • RoofMaker Settings
            • TrussMaker Settings
            • Grid System Settings
            • Scheme Settings Dialog Box (Interactive Schedule)
            • Index Settings Dialog Box
            • View Settings Dialog Box
            • Book Settings Dialog Box
            • Subset Settings Dialog Box
            • Layout Settings
            • Import Views from ARCHICAD Project
            • Master Layout Settings
            • Drawing Manager
            • Pasting Dialog Box
            • Paste Options Dialog Box
            • Print 2D Document
            • Print 3D Document
            • Print Picture
            • Print Layout
            • Plot Setup
            • Plot 2D Document
            • Plot Layout
            • PhotoRendering Settings
            • Basic Rendering Engine
            • Sketch Rendering Engine
            • Markup Styles Dialog Box
          • Tool Settings Dialog Boxes
            • Custom Settings Panel for a Door/Window
              • Shape
              • Nominal Sizes and Tolerance
              • Door/Window Settings and Opening
              • Frame Style and Dimensions
              • Natural Ventilation
              • Door Leaf Type
              • Handle and Kick Board
              • Leaf and Sash Dimension
              • Sash Type/Sash Options (Door or Window)
              • Opening Type and Angle (Door/Window)
              • Opening Lines (Door/Window)
              • Opening Lines - Sidelight and Transom
              • Model Attributes of Door/Window Opening
              • Wall Opening
              • Reveal Settings
              • Wall Closure
              • Masonry Arch
              • Tolerances
              • Model Attributes of Wall Opening
              • Fixtures and Fittings
              • Threshold Settings
              • Sill Settings
              • Board Settings
              • Casing Outside/Inside Settings
              • Sunshade Settings
              • Model Attributes of Fixtures and Fittings
              • Floor Plan and Section Tab Page (Door/Window Settings)
              • Minimal Space
              • Frame and Sash
              • Frame Widths
              • Custom Corner
              • Wall Inset
            • Object Tool Settings
              • Panels of the Object Settings Dialog Box
            • Dimension Tool Settings
              • Linear Dimension Tool Settings
            • Door/Window Tool Settings
              • Door/Window Preview and Positioning Panel
              • Where to Set Door/Window Parameters
              • Floor Plan Display of Door/Window: Symbolic vs. Projected
            • Special Lamp Parameters
              • Basic Light Parameters
              • General Light Sources and Effects
            • Working in Tool Settings Dialog Boxes
            • Wall Tool Settings
            • Roof Tool Settings
            • Shell Tool Settings
            • Slab Tool Settings
            • Mesh Tool Settings
            • Zone Tool Settings
            • Morph Tool Settings
            • Settings of Library Part Elements
            • Other Panels in Door/Window Settings
            • Skylight Tool Settings
            • Dimension Text Settings
            • Convert Dimensions Dialog Box (Add-On)
            • Text Tool Settings
            • Text Style Panel
            • Label Tool Settings
            • Drawing Settings
            • Fill Tool Settings
            • Line Tool Settings
            • Arc/Circle Tool Settings
            • Polyline Tool Settings
            • Section and Elevation Settings
            • Interior Elevation (IE) Tool Settings
            • Worksheet and Detail Tool Settings
            • Change Tool Settings
            • Grid Tool Settings
            • Wall End Tool Settings
            • Spline Tool Settings
            • Hotspot Tool Settings
            • Figure Tool Settings
            • Camera Tool Settings
        • Extra Topics
          • Bluebeam Connection
        • Functions in Expressions
          • CONSTANTS
            • Pi [PI]
            • True[TRUE] False[FALSE]
          • OPERATORS
            • Add [+]
            • Divide [/]
            • Equals [-]
            • Greater Than [>]
            • Greater Than or Equal to [>-]
            • Not Equal [<>]
            • Power [^]
            • Subtract [-]
          • LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
            • And [AND]
            • Or [OR]
            • Not [NOT]
            • If [IF]
            • If Multiple [IFS]
            • Exclusive Or [XOR]
            • Undefined [ISUNDEFINED]
          • MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
            • Absolute Value [ABS]
            • e Exponent [EXP]
            • Natural Logarithm [LN]
            • Base Logarithm [LOG]
            • Base 10 Logarithm [LOG10]
            • Remainder [MOD]
            • Nth Root [NTHROOT]
            • Power [POWER]
            • Quotient [QUOTIENT]
            • Sign [SIGN]
            • Square Root [SQRT]
            • Sum [SUM]
            • Round to Multiple [MROUND]
            • Round Down to Multiple [MROUNDDOWN]
            • Round Up to Multiple [MROUNDUP]
            • Round [ROUND]
            • Round Down [ROUNDDOWN]
            • Round Up [ROUNDUP]
          • TRIGONOMETRICAL FUNCTIONS
            • Arccosine [ACOS]
            • Arccotangent [ACOT]
            • Arcsine [ASIN]
            • Arctangent [ATAN]
            • Cosine [COS]
            • Cotangent [COT]
            • Sine [SIN]
            • Tangent [TAN]
          • STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS
            • Average [AVG]
            • Maximum [MAX]
            • Minimum [MIN]
          • TEXT EDITING FUNCTIONS
            • Compare [COMPARE]
            • Merge Strings [CONCAT]
            • Contains [CONTAINS]
            • Find String [FIND]
            • String from Left [LEFT]
            • Length of String [LEN]
            • Lower Case [LOWER]
            • String from Position [MID]
            • Replace in String [REPLACE]
            • Repeat String [REPT]
            • String from Right [RIGHT]
            • Split String [SPLIT]
            • Split String to Left [SPLITLEFT]
            • Split String to Right [SPLITRIGHT]
            • Substitute Strings [SUBSTITUTE]
            • Join Strings [TEXTJOIN]
            • Trim [TRIM]
            • Upper Case [UPPER]
          • DATA CONVERSION
            • Convert to String [STR]
            • Convert Unit to String [STRCALCUNIT]
            • Number from String [STRTONUM]
        • Getting Help on ARCHICAD 23
        • License & Trademark Information
      • ARCHICAD Calculation Guide
        • Editing the Calculation Database
          • Editing Keys
          • Editing Units
          • Editing Components
          • Editing Descriptors
        • Property Objects
          • Creating and Editing Property Objects
          • Defining Components and Descriptors
          • Linking Components and Descriptors to Databases
          • Linking Property Objects to Element Criteria
          • Creating Criteria for Property Assignment
          • Assigning Properties to Elements
          • Last Selection’s Properties
          • Locating Property Objects
        • List Schemes and Templates
          • Editing List Schemes
            • Elements Tab Page
            • Properties & Parameters Tab Page
            • List Format Tab Page
            • Graphic Template
          • Component Lists
            • Components Tab Page
            • Properties & Parameters Tab Page
          • Zone Lists
            • Zones Tab Page
            • Properties & Parameters Tab Page
            • Related Elements Tab Page
          • The Setup List Schemes Dialog Box
          • Managing List Schemes
        • Using the Format Wizard/Format Assistant
          • Format Wizard: Layout Tab Page
          • Edit Page Item
          • Format Wizard: Content Tab Page
          • Format Wizard: Fields Tab Page
        • Step By Step Examples
          • B: Graphic Template Setup Example
        • Introduction
        • Calculation Commands
        • List Types
        • Structure of the Calculation Databases
      • MEP Modeler User Guide for ARCHICAD 23
        • Editing MEP Elements
          • Editing Straight Segments
          • Editing Flexible Elements
          • Editing Bends
          • Editing In-line Elements
          • Editing Terminal Elements
        • Setting and Editing Element Defaults
          • MEP Custom Settings Panel
            • General Settings
            • Visualization
            • Connections
          • Preview and Positioning Panel
        • MEP Routing Function
          • Begin Routing at Existing MEP Element
            • Start Routing at Connection Port of a Straight Segment
            • Start Routing at Connection Port of Other MEP Element Types
            • Start Routing by Placing Junction on a Placed MEP Element
          • Set Routing Preferences
          • Start Routing
          • Vary Elevations During Routing
          • Routing Options
          • Routing With the Magic Wand
        • Place Individual MEP Elements
          • Insert Junction Elements
        • Overview
        • Getting Started with MEP Modeler
        • MEP Work Environment
        • MEP Library
        • MEP Connection Ports
        • MEP Element Display on Stories
        • MEP Systems
        • MEP Preferences
        • Resize MEP Elements
        • Select Connected MEP Elements
        • Edit Selected Elements
        • Create Custom MEP Part
        • Behavior of MEP-Compatible Objects
    • ARCHICAD 24 Reference Guide
      • Network Installation for BIM Managers
        • Command Line Parameters (Custom Install)
        • Option File (Custom Install)
        • Installer Log Files and Error Codes
        • Unattended Uninstall
        • Third-Party Prerequisites
        • Customized Company Defaults for Unattended Installation (ARCHICAD Only)
      • Model Compare
        • Compare Teamwork Model Versions (Before and After Receiving Changes)
        • Compare Two Saved Versions of Current Model
        • Compare Two Views of a Single Project
        • Compare ARCHICAD Models Before and After Hotlink Update
        • Compare Two Structural Analytical Models
        • Select View for Compare
        • Filter Changes Shown in Model Compare Palette
        • Model Compare: Review the Changes
        • Workspace Colors for Model Compare
      • New Features in ARCHICAD 24
        • Integrated Design
          • Integrated Structural Analytical Model
            • Simplified Representation of Load-Bearing Construction
            • Automatic Generation of Structural Analytical Model
            • Exchange of Structural Analytical Model with Analysis Applications
          • Integrated MEP Modeler
            • Joint MEP Openings
            • MEP Modeler Enhancements
          • Model Checking
            • Physical Model Quality Check
            • Structural Analytical Model Quality Check
            • Model Check Report
        • Collaboration
          • Model Comparison
            • Compare 3D Models
            • Visualize Model Changes
            • Filter Changes
            • Manage Model Changes
          • Issue Management
            • Highlights and Suggestions
            • Creating Issues
            • Managing Issues
            • BIMcloud Enhancements for Issue Management
            • Support for BCF 2.1
        • Coordination
          • Geometry Exchange with Revit
        • Productivity
          • Content Library Update - New Residential Furniture Elements
          • Import and Use Revit Families as GDL Objects
          • Polyline editing functions refined
          • ARCHICAD option set values available as a 'pull-down menu' when exported to Excel
          • DGN v8 Support
        • Experimental Features
        • BIMx
      • Migrating to ARCHICAD 24
        • Migrating from Older Versions (ARCHICAD 8.1 through 17)
          • Migration of Rendering/Surface Settings to Cineware
          • Migration of Lights and Lamp Settings
          • Images from QuickTime Formats
          • Element Display in Interior Elevations
          • Building Materials: Collision Detection Setting
          • Building Materials: Attribute Migration Issues
          • Migrating EcoDesigner or Energy Evaluation Data
          • Priority-Based Element Intersections
          • Display of Transparent Elements
          • Walls, Zones, Columns: Toplink Option
          • Core-Based Reference Plane for Slab
          • Core-Based Wall Reference Line
          • Changed Renovation Features
          • Migrating Roofs and Skylights
          • VR Scenes and VR Objects No Longer Supported
          • Migration of Exported Options Files (.xml, .aat, .prf)
          • Find & Select Criteria Sets
          • Open Older (pre-13) Teamwork Files in ARCHICAD 24
          • Migrating Libraries and Objects from ARCHICAD 12 and Earlier
          • “Automatic” Home Story Setting Eliminated
          • Doors and Windows in Partial Structure Display
          • Lost IFC Data
          • Section/Elevation Marker Display
          • DXF/DWG Translator Changes in Converting ARCHICAD Fills
          • Migrate Projects Containing Hotlinks
          • Migrating PlotMaker Layout Books to ARCHICAD 24
        • Migration Topics: Migrating from Versions 18-23
          • Migrating Libraries to ARCHICAD 24
          • Migrating a Teamwork Project (v. 13-23) to ARCHICAD 24
      • Configuration
        • Favorites
          • Apply a Favorite
          • Search Favorites
          • Create New Favorite
          • Redefine Favorite
          • Edit Settings of One or More Favorites
          • Missing Content in Favorite
          • Favorites Palette
          • Import/Export Favorites
        • Work Environment
          • Tab Bar
            • Transfer Settings Among Tabs
          • Default Work Environment Profiles
          • Arranging Palettes, Toolbars and Windows
          • Set Window Background and Grid Line Color
          • Quick Options Bar
          • Toolbox
          • Info Box
          • Menus
          • Toolbars
          • Shortcuts
          • Palettes
          • Pet Palettes
        • Libraries
          • Embedded Library
            • Add Objects to Embedded Library
            • Manage Embedded Objects
          • BIMcloud Libraries
            • Add BIMcloud Library
            • Manage BIMcloud Libraries
          • Library Manager
          • Linked Libraries
          • Remove Library from Project
          • Recommendations for Using Libraries
          • Troubleshooting Library Issues
          • Library Container File
        • Attributes
          • Layers
            • About Layers
            • Quick Layers
            • Layer Combinations
            • Use Layers to Prevent Intersections
            • Use Separate Layer Settings for the Layout Book
            • Place All Elements on a Single “Active Layer” (Simulate AutoCAD Work Methods)
          • Pen Sets
            • Apply a Pen Set
            • Redefine a Pen Set
          • Surfaces
            • About Surfaces
            • Override Surfaces With Surface Painter
            • Surface Painter Palette
            • Override Surfaces in Element Settings
            • Align 3D Texture
            • Default Texture Alignments/Reset Texture
            • Display of Surfaces in Renderings
          • Attribute Manager
            • Attribute Manager: Editable Attribute Parameters
              • Layer Combinations and Layers (Attribute Manager)
              • Pen Sets and Pens (Attribute Manager)
              • Lines (Attribute Manager)
              • Fills (Attribute Manager)
              • Surfaces (Attribute Manager)
              • Building Materials (Attribute Manager)
              • Composites (Attribute Manager)
              • Profiles (Attribute Manager)
              • Zone Categories (Attribute Manager)
              • Cities (Attribute Manager)
              • MEP Systems (Attribute Manager)
              • Operation Profiles (Attribute Manager)
            • Attribute Management Commands
            • Revert Changes in Attribute Manager
          • Missing Attributes
            • Find and Select Elements with Missing Attributes
          • Lines
          • Fills
          • Building Materials
          • Composite Structures
          • Custom Attributes of GDL Objects
          • Delete and Replace Attributes in a Model
        • Start ARCHICAD
        • Create New Project
        • Open Recent Project(s)
        • Browse for a Project
        • Opening Legacy or Archive Projects: Manage Library Parts
        • Close Project
        • Save ARCHICAD Project
        • File Compression
        • ARCHICAD License Types
        • Sign In with GRAPHISOFT ID
        • Resolving Issues with Serial Numbers
        • Bug Reporter
        • Template Files
        • Backup Files
        • Archive Projects
        • ARCHICAD User Feedback - Net Promoter Score Survey
        • Create Support Package (Troubleshooting)
        • License Information
        • Opening Projects through a Network
        • Add-Ons and Goodies
        • Working Units
        • Project Location and Project North
        • Project Preferences
        • Scale
      • Interaction
        • Navigation
          • Pop-up Navigator
            • Navigator Project Map
            • Navigator View Map
          • Navigation in the 3D Window
            • Accessing 3D Navigation Commands
            • Explore Model (3D Navigation)
            • Orbit (3D Navigation)
            • Navigator Preview (3D)
            • 3D Connexion Enabler
          • Organizer Palette
            • Clone a Folder in the View Map
            • Navigator Layout Book
            • Navigator Publisher
            • Access Views/Layouts from External ARCHICAD Project
          • How to Navigate Among ARCHICAD Views
          • Zoom
          • Fit in Window
          • Set Orientation
          • Navigator Preview (2D)
          • Navigator Palette
        • Origins
          • Elevation Values in the Tracker
        • Selection
          • Selecting Elements
            • Quick Selection of Surface Areas
            • Select Multiple Elements With Selection Polygon
          • Selection Feedback
            • Selection Highlight and Element Information Highlight
          • Marquee Area
            • Marquee Area Definition
            • Save Marquee Area as PDF or DWG
            • Copy/Paste Marquee Area from Project Window
            • Other Editing Operations within the Marquee
          • Element Information Pop-up (Info Tags)
          • Find and Select Elements
          • Define Element Criteria
          • Predefined Criteria Sets
          • Edit Selection Set
          • Store Selection Sets in Selections Palette
        • On-Screen Input Aids
          • Relative Construction Methods
            • Parallel and Perpendicular Constraints
            • Angle Bisector Constraint
            • Offset and Multiple Offset Constraints (Relative Construction Methods)
            • Aligning Elements to a Surface in 3D
          • Tracker
            • Element Input Using Tracker Coordinates
          • Magic Wand
            • Magic Wand Settings
          • Editing Plane in 3D Window
            • Editing Plane Display
            • Reposition Editing Plane
          • Snap Points
            • Snap Points on Temporary Vector
          • The Intelligent Cursor
          • Ruler
          • Measure Tool
          • Set up Construction Grid
          • Set up Snap Grid
          • Snap to Grid
          • Snap Guides
          • Guide Lines
          • Gravity
          • Mouse Constraints
          • Coordinate Constraints
          • Snapping to Existing Elements
          • Cursor Snap Range
        • Editing Elements
          • Move Elements
            • Nudging Elements
            • Dragging Elements
            • Rotating Elements
            • Mirroring Elements
            • Elevating Elements
          • Distribute Elements
            • Special Distribute
          • Modify Element Sizes
            • Reshaping Polygons and Chained Elements
            • Stretching with the Marquee Tool
            • Stretch Height
            • Resize (Enlarge or Reduce) Elements
            • Splitting Elements
            • Adjusting Elements
            • Adjust Elements to Slabs
            • Create a Fillet or Chamfer
            • Trim Elements Using Scissors
            • Adding Element Nodes
            • Move Nodes
            • Curve/Straighten Element Edge
          • Duplicate Elements
            • Drag, Rotate, Mirror Element Copies
            • Multiply Elements
          • Basic Editing Operations
          • Cancel Operations (ESC Key, Backspace)
          • Offset All Edges
          • Intersect Two Elements
          • Align Elements
          • Explode into Current View
          • Drag & Drop
          • Parameter Transfer
          • Element Transfer Settings
          • Group Elements
          • Lock/Unlock Elements
          • Display Order
        • Virtual Trace: Using References to Edit and Compare Model Views and Drawings
          • Choose a Trace Reference
          • Show/Hide Trace Reference
          • Move/Rotate/Reset Reference
          • Switch Reference with Active: Access Elements within the Reference for Editing or Copying
          • Activate Reference
          • Rebuild Trace Reference
          • Compare Reference with Active
        • Consolidate Lines and Fills in Drawing Windows
      • Elements of the Virtual Building
        • Construction Elements
          • Walls
            • Wall Reference Line
            • Create a Straight Wall
            • Create a Curved Wall
            • Create a Chain of Walls
            • Create a Rectangle of Walls
            • Create a Trapezoid Wall
            • Create a Polygon Wall (PolyWall)
            • Stretching Walls
            • Create a Slanted or Double-Slanted Wall
            • Modify Slanted Wall
            • Create a Log Wall
            • Walls and Other Elements
            • Modify Wall Reference Line
            • Invert Wall Direction
          • Place a Construction Element in ARCHICAD
            • Home Story
            • Define Top Link for Wall, Column, Zone or Stair
          • Columns
            • Place a Column
            • Create a Slanted Column
            • Create a Multi-Segment Column
            • Delete Column Segment or Beam Segment
            • Define Column/Segment Structure
            • Rotate Join Angle
            • Tapered Column or Segment
            • Editing Columns
            • Edit Mode for Multi-Segment Columns
            • Core and Veneer
            • Columns and Other Elements
            • Column Tool Settings: Preview and Positioning
            • Column End Cuts and Reference Axis
            • Column Model Display
            • Column Display on Floor Plan and Section
          • Beams
            • Place a Beam
            • Create a Slanted Beam
            • Curve a Beam Vertically
            • Create a Multi-Segment Beam
            • Define Beam/Segment Structure
            • Define Join Geometry
            • Tapered Beam or Segment
            • Editing Beams
            • Create a Hole in a Beam
            • Selecting and Modifying Beam Holes
            • Beams and Other Elements
            • Beam Tool Settings: Preview and Positioning
            • Beam End Cuts
            • Beam Reference Axis
            • Beam Model Display
            • Beam Display on Floor Plan and Section
            • Rotating Beam and Columns
          • Complex Profiles
            • Offset Modifiers
              • Create New Offset Modifier
              • Edit Offset Modifier
              • Offset Modifiers: Tips and Tricks
            • Create Complex Profile from Parallel Elements
            • Use Standard Steel Column or Beam Profile
            • Profile Manager
            • Create or Edit Complex Profile
            • Apply Profile to Selected Element
            • Capture Selected Element for New Profile
            • Apply Custom Surface or Line to Profile Edge
            • Profile Origin in Profile Editor Window
            • Stretch Modifiers
          • Roofs
            • Examples of Multi-plane Roofs
              • Hip Roof
              • Complex Roof
              • Gable Roof
              • Pyramidal Roof
              • Mansard Roof
              • Gablet Roof
              • Gambrel Roof
              • Cross-Gable Roof
            • Editing Roofs
              • Graphical Editing of Roof Geometry
              • Modify the Roof Pitch
              • Add Roof Level
              • Edit Roof Levels
              • Edit Eaves or Gable Overhang
              • Edit Roof Contour
              • Edit Roof Ridge
              • Customize Roof Plane
              • Customize Edge of Roof or Roof Hole
              • Create a Hole in a Roof
              • Create an Atrium
              • Add a Tower to the Roof
              • Create Roof Level Lines
              • Intersect Single-plane Roofs
            • About Roofs
            • Create a Single-plane Roof on the Floor Plan
            • Create a Single-plane Roof in the 3D Window
            • Create a Multi-plane Roof
            • Crop Elements to Single-plane Roof
            • Create Special Roof Objects with RoofMaker
          • Trim Elements to Roof or Shell
            • Trim Multiple Selected Elements: Automatic Trim
              • Automatic Trim: Example 1
              • Automatic Trim: Example 2
            • Define Trimming Bodies
            • Trim Elements to Roof: Manual Trim
          • Merge Trimming Elements
            • Merge Elements: Roofs, Shells, Morphs
            • Managing Element Connections
          • Slabs
            • Slab Reference Plane
            • Creating Slabs
            • Placing Holes in Slabs
            • Set Custom Slab Edge Angle and Edge Surface
          • Shells
            • Extruded Shells
              • Simple Extruded Vault: Parallel to the Floor Plan
              • Simple Extruded Vault: Perpendicular to the Floor Plan
              • Extruded Shell with Freely Defined Profile
            • Revolved Shells
              • Revolved Shell: Simple Input
              • Revolved Shell with Freely Defined Profile
            • Ruled Shells
              • Ruled Vaulted Shell
            • Sample Workflows for Shell Creation
              • Extruded Shell: Wavy Canopy Roof
              • Revolved Shell: Arced Triangular Roof Complex
              • Revolved Shell: Define Contours in Section
              • Ruled Shell: Tennis Court Shell
              • Ruled Shell: Twisted Tower
            • Graphical Editing of Shells
              • Options for Editing Extruded Shells
              • Options for Editing Revolved Shells
              • Options for Editing Ruled Shells
            • About Shells
            • Create Hole in Shell
            • Edit Shell Hole
            • Define Shell Contour
            • Edit Shell Contour Polygon
            • Customize Edge of Shell or Edge of Shell Hole
          • Meshes
            • Create a Mesh
            • Edit Elevation of a Mesh Point
            • Add New Points to the Mesh
            • Create a Hole in the Mesh
            • Display of Meshes
          • Zones
            • Calculating Zone Area and Zone Volume
              • Relation to Zones
            • Creating Zones
            • Zone Categories
            • 2D Display of Zone Backgrounds
            • Zone Stamps
            • 3D Display of Zone Spaces
            • Crop Zone to Another Element
            • Updating Zones
          • Curtain Wall
            • Curtain Wall Input Methods
              • Create Curtain Wall on the Floor Plan
              • Draw Curtain Wall Boundary in the Section Window
              • Create a Curved Curtain Wall: Geometry Methods
              • Create Curtain Wall in the 3D Window
              • Curtain Wall Input Plane in 3D Window
              • Extrude Curtain Wall from a Slanted Input Plane
              • Positioning Curtain Wall in Section
            • Working with Curtain Walls: Overview
            • Curtain Wall Components
            • Curtain Wall Frames
            • Curtain Wall Frame Settings
            • Curtain Wall Panels
            • Place Door- or Window-Type Panel in Curtain Wall
            • Curtain Wall Panel Settings
            • Curtain Wall Scheme Settings
            • Set up Grid Pattern in Scheme Settings
            • Create Grid Pattern Graphically
            • Model View Options for Curtain Walls
            • Curtain Wall Edit Mode
            • Edit Grid and Grid Lines in Edit Mode
            • Graphical Editing of Curtain Wall
            • Add Additional Curtain Wall Boundary
            • Curtain Wall Junctions
            • Curtain Wall Accessories
            • Curtain Wall System Settings
            • Curtain Walls and Other Elements
          • Stairs
            • Flight and Landing Structures
              • Monolithic Flight and Landing Structures
              • Beam Flight Structure
              • Beam Landing Structure
              • Cantilevered Flight and Landing Structure
              • Stringers Flight and Landing Structure
            • Stair Settings (Main Element Settings)
              • Stair Settings: Geometry and Positioning
              • Stair Settings: Rules and Standards
            • About the Stair Tool
            • Stair Input
            • Graphical Editing of Stair Scheme
            • Stair Turning Type
            • Winder Types for Equal-Going Winders
            • Stair Segment Type
            • Stair Tool Edit Mode
            • Automatic “Solver” Options to Resolve Geometric Conflicts
            • Toplinked Stairs and Changed Story Height
            • Tread and Riser Finishes
            • Split Stair Structure
            • Custom Sub-Elements for Stairs and Railings
            • Stair Endings and Connections
            • Model View Options for Stairs
            • Detail Level of Stair and Railing Symbols
            • Floor Plan/Reflected Ceiling Plan Display (Stair Settings)
            • Edit Stair Symbol Components Graphically
          • Railings
            • Baluster Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Post Component Settings (Posts/Inner Posts/Balusters)
            • Segment Settings (Railing Tool)
              • The Pattern Editor (Railing Tool Settings)
              • Segment Settings (Page of Railing Tool Settings)
              • Segment Pattern Settings (Panel of Railing Tool)
            • Rail Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Rail Component Settings (Toprail/Handrail/Rail)
            • About the Railing Tool
            • Place Railing: Basic Polyline Input
            • Place Associative Railing
            • Working with Railing Segments and Nodes
            • Railing Reference Line
            • Railing Tool Edit Mode
            • Railing Settings: Overview
            • Railing Settings: Geometry and Symbol Display
            • Toprail Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Handrail Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Inner Post Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Panel Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Node Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Post Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Connection Settings (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
            • Railing Ends (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
            • Model View Options for Railings
          • Morphs
            • Useful Commands for Transforming Morphs
              • Transforming Morphs: Smooth & Merge Faces
              • Intersect Morph Faces (Generate Edges within a Morph)
              • Transforming Morphs: Curve & Merge Edges
              • Combine Morph Faces for Smooth Editing Effect: Use “Soft” Edges
              • Transforming Morphs: Box Stretch a Morph
              • Transforming Morphs: Cover with Faces
              • Transforming Morphs: Custom Face Settings
            • Basic Morph Editing
              • Basic Morph Editing: Push-Pull
              • Basic Morph Editing: Bulge
              • Basic Morph Editing: Add
              • Basic Morph Editing: Tube
              • Basic Morph Editing: Offset Morph Edge(s)
              • Basic Morph Editing: Curve Edge
              • Basic Morph Editing: Move Morph Sub-Element
              • Basic Morph Editing: Add Node to Morph
              • Basic Morph Editing: Fillet/Chamfer a Morph
            • Morph Selection
            • Create a 2D Morph
            • Create a Box Morph
            • Create a Revolved Morph
            • Create Morph from Existing Elements
            • Morph Edge Type: Hard, Hidden, Soft
            • Boolean Operations with Morphs
            • Morph Texture Mapping and Alignment
            • Fix Modeling Errors: Check and Solidify Morphs
          • Element Intersections
            • Basic Intersection Principles
            • Specific Element Intersections and Junctions
            • How to Make Sure Elements Collide for Best Cleanup Results
            • Intersecting Elements That Don’t Clean Up
            • Best Practices for Intersections: Conceptual Design Phase
            • Fine-Tune Intersections
            • Legacy Intersection Mode for Older-Version Projects
          • Model Element Connections
        • Parametric Objects
          • Create Custom Library Parts and Components
            • Create Custom Components: Example Workflows
              • Example: Create Custom Door Leaf
              • Example: Create Custom Frame or Cap Profile for Curtain Walls
            • Save 2D Symbols as Objects
            • Save 2D Elements as Label
            • Save 3D Elements as Objects
            • Save Rectangular Doors and Windows from 3D Model Elements
            • Save Custom-Shape Doors or Windows
            • Create Custom Components for Doors, Windows, Curtain Wall, Stair, Railing
            • Editing Custom Library Parts and Components
          • About Parametric Objects
          • Where to Find Objects for Use in ARCHICAD
          • BIM Components
          • Search for Library Part
          • Placing an Object
          • 2D and 3D Representation of Objects
          • Stretching Objects
          • Parameter Transfer Between Objects
          • Graphical Editing Using Editable Hotspots
          • Create Patch Object
          • About GDL Object Subtypes
          • Open and Edit Library Part
          • Scripting Custom Objects
          • Further Resources on GDL Object Creation
        • Dedicated Object Tools: Doors, Windows, Skylights, Wall Ends
          • Doors/Windows
            • Placing Doors or Windows
            • Previews in Door/Window Settings
            • Floor Plan Display of Doors/Windows
            • Setting the Window/Door Plane in Slanted or Complex Walls
            • Sill or Header Heights
            • Sill Height Using Subfloor Thickness
            • Anchor Reveal
            • Creating an Empty Opening
            • Moving Wall Openings
            • Doors/Windows in Curved Wall
          • Skylights
            • Placing and Moving a Skylight
            • Skylight Constraint Relative to Roof
          • Corner Windows
          • Wall Ends
        • Openings
          • Create Opening
          • Opening Display on Floor Plan
          • Use Limited Opening to Create Niche or Recess
          • On-Screen View Options for Openings
          • Edit Opening
          • Manage Opening Connections
          • Edit Openings in Teamwork
          • Import/Save Openings with IFC
          • Create Openings from Selection
        • TrussMaker
          • Creating Trusses in the Floor Plan
          • Editing Trusses
          • Creating Trusses in Section/Elevation/IE Windows
        • Solid Element Operations
          • Solid Operation Example
            • Managing Solid Element Connections
          • About Solid Element Operations
          • Solid Operation Types
        • Properties and Classification Systems
          • Property Manager
            • Expression-Defined Properties: Examples
              • Example 1: Simple Mapping
              • Example 2: Modify Element Parameter, Using an Operator
              • Example 3: Expand Property with Descriptive Text String
              • Example 4: Calculate a Quantity and Round Up
              • Example 5: Calculate a Length and Add Overhang
              • Example 6: Round Up to Standard Beam Length
              • Example 7: Display Regulation-Compliance Data for an Element
              • Example 8: Generate Expanded ID for Openings
              • Example 9: Calculate Number of Tiles to Purchase
              • Example 10: List the Total Cost of a Structure in Dollars
            • Expression-Defined Element Properties
              • Create a New Expression-Defined Property: Step By Step
              • Using Expression Editor: Context-Sensitive Help
              • Evaluate Expression-Defined Property
            • Errors in Expressions and How to Fix Them
              • Result Conflicts with Data Type
              • All Arguments Must Use the Same Data Type and Compatible Units
              • Argument’s Data Type is Not Correct
              • Data Type Not Available in ARCHICAD
              • Mathematical Error
              • Incorrect Sign and/or Number Type
              • Data Type Cannot be Changed
              • Does Not Contain Numeric Characters
            • Property Availability for Classifications
            • Assign Classifications/Properties in Element Schedule
            • Show Property Data in Labels and Markers
            • Properties in Hotlinks
            • Export/Import Properties Between Projects
          • Assign Classification
          • Assign Custom Property Value
          • Default Property Value
          • Classification Manager
        • Ramp Object
      • Views of the Virtual Building
        • ARCHICAD Model Views
          • Stories
            • About Stories
            • Navigate Among Stories
            • Defining Story Display in 3D
            • Defining Story Display in Section/Elevation/IE
            • Create or Delete or Rename Stories
            • Story Level Lines
          • Element Display in Floor Plan and Section
            • Show On Stories
            • Floor Plan Display (Element Settings)
            • Show Projection
            • Cut Surfaces and Outlines (Element Settings)
          • 3D Window
            • 3D Cutting Planes
              • Show or Hide 3D Cutaway
              • Create a 3D Cutaway on the Floor Plan or Section
              • Create a 3D Cutaway in the 3D Window
              • Edit Cutaway
              • 3D Cutaway Attributes
              • Hide 3D Cutting Planes
              • Delete Cutting Planes
            • Show Selection/Marquee in 3D
            • Save Contents of 3D Window as a View
            • 3D Engines
            • 3D Projections
            • 3D Navigation Extras
            • 3D Window Size
          • Sections
            • Create a Section Viewpoint
            • Open a Section Viewpoint
            • Horizontal/Vertical Range of Section Viewpoint
            • Define Marker Reference for Source Marker
            • Floor Plan Display of Section Markers
            • Model Display in the Section Window
            • Editing Section/Elevation/IE Lines on Floor Plan
            • Place a Linked Section Marker
            • Place Unlinked Marker
            • Create an Independent Section Viewpoint
            • Assign Section Rebuild Status
            • Updating Sections
            • Summary of Rebuild Commands
          • Interior Elevations (IE)
            • About Interior Elevations
            • Create Interior Elevation Group
            • Create Single Interior Elevation Viewpoint
            • Interior Elevation Horizontal Range
            • Interior Elevation Vertical Range
            • Display and Edit Interior Elevation Marker Lines and Marker Range
            • Interior Elevation IDs and Names
            • Delete/Restore IE Viewpoint
            • Display of Elements in Interior Elevation
          • 3D Document
            • About the 3D Document
            • Create a 3D Document
            • Redefine the 3D Document
            • Model Display of the 3D Document
          • Details
            • About Details
            • Create a Detail Drawing Viewpoint with Model Source
            • Contents of the Detail Viewpoint
            • Place a Linked Detail Marker
            • Create an Independent Detail Viewpoint
            • Display of Detail/Worksheet Boundary
            • Update Detail/Worksheet Marker Boundary
            • Updating the Detail Window
          • Worksheets
            • About Worksheets
            • Worksheet vs. Detail
            • Create a Worksheet Drawing with Model Source
            • Contents of the Worksheet Window
            • Editing in the Worksheet Window
            • Create an Independent Worksheet Viewpoint
            • Place a Linked Worksheet Marker
          • Managing Markers in ARCHICAD
            • About Markers
            • Display of Marker Range Lines
            • Source Marker Highlight
            • Changing Marker Type
            • Transfer Marker Parameters
            • Copying a Marker
            • Find Linked Markers
            • Check Markers Palette
            • Deleting a Viewpoint/View/Drawing with a Marker
            • Deleting a Source Marker
          • Interactive Schedule
            • Types of Interactive Schedules
            • Units in Interactive Schedules
            • Open and View a Schedule
            • Show Schedule Data for Selected Floor Plan Items
            • Editing and Updating Schedule Items
            • Select Schedule Items on Floor Plan/3D
            • Define Schedule Content Using Scheme Settings
            • Create Schedule of Surfaces
            • Format Options (Interactive Schedule)
            • Schedule Headers
            • Previews and Pictures in the Interactive Schedule
            • Restructure Schedule to Fit Layout
            • Split Schedule into Multiple Layouts
          • Floor Plan Window
          • Floor Plan Cut Plane (Global Setting)
          • Elevations
          • Project Indexes
        • Model View Options
          • Define Model View Options
          • Model View Options Combinations
        • Partial Structure Display
          • Applying Partial Structure Settings to Model Windows
          • Save Partial Structure Settings by View
          • How to Define Components as “Core” or “Finish”
          • Visualizing the Entire Model
          • Partial Structure Display Settings: Effect on Elements
          • Partial Structure Display Settings in Windows Based on a Source Marker
        • Renovation
          • Renovation Filters
            • Apply Renovation Filter
            • Show an Element in a Single Renovation Filter Only
            • Renovation Filter Options
            • Examples of Renovation Filters
          • Graphic Overrides By Renovation Status
            • Openings By Renovation Status: Override Examples
          • Workflows for Tricky Renovation Situations
            • Adding Insulation to Walls: Renovation Workflow
            • Adding New Door Panel to Existing Door Frame: Renovation Workflow
            • Zone Stamps for Renovated Rooms: Renovation Workflow
            • Listing Material Quantities for Renovation Projects
          • Assign Renovation Status to Elements
          • Best Practices for Creating Renovation Views
          • Reset Renovation Status
        • Graphic Overrides
          • Graphic Override Rules
          • Graphic Override Combinations
          • Exceptions: When Overrides Don’t Apply
        • On-Screen View Options
      • Element Parameters
        • Component Listing Parameters in the Interactive Schedule
          • Calculation of Projected Component/Skin Area
        • General Listing Parameters
        • Beam Listing Parameters
        • Beam Segment Listing Parameters
        • Column Listing Parameters
        • Column Segment Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Accessory Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Frame Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Junction Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Panel Listing Parameters
        • Window/Door Listing Parameters
        • Fill Listing Parameters
        • Lamp Listing Parameters
        • Mesh Listing Parameters
        • Morph Listing Parameters
        • Object/Lamp Listing Parameters
        • Opening Listing Parameters
        • Railing Listing Parameters
        • Railing Segment Listing Parameters
        • Railing Members Listing Parameters
        • Roof Listing Parameters
        • Shell Listing Parameters
        • Skylight Listing Parameters
        • Slab Listing Parameters
        • Stair Listing Parameters
        • Stair Finish Listing Parameters
        • Stair Structure Listing Parameters
        • Wall Listing Parameters
        • Zone Listing Parameters
      • Functions in Expressions
        • CONSTANTS
          • Pi [PI]
          • True[TRUE] False[FALSE]
        • OPERATORS
          • Add [+]
          • Divide [/]
          • Equals [-]
          • Greater Than [>]
          • Greater Than or Equal to [>-]
          • Not Equal [<>]
          • Power [^]
          • Subtract [-]
        • LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
          • And [AND]
          • Or [OR]
          • Not [NOT]
          • If [IF]
          • If Multiple [IFS]
          • Exclusive Or [XOR]
          • Undefined [ISUNDEFINED]
        • MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
          • Absolute Value [ABS]
          • e Exponent [EXP]
          • Natural Logarithm [LN]
          • Base Logarithm [LOG]
          • Base 10 Logarithm [LOG10]
          • Remainder [MOD]
          • Nth Root [NTHROOT]
          • Power [POWER]
          • Quotient [QUOTIENT]
          • Sign [SIGN]
          • Square Root [SQRT]
          • Sum [SUM]
          • Round to Multiple [MROUND]
          • Round Down to Multiple [MROUNDDOWN]
          • Round Up to Multiple [MROUNDUP]
          • Round [ROUND]
          • Round Down [ROUNDDOWN]
          • Round Up [ROUNDUP]
        • TRIGONOMETRICAL FUNCTIONS
          • Arccosine [ACOS]
          • Arccotangent [ACOT]
          • Arcsine [ASIN]
          • Arctangent [ATAN]
          • Cosine [COS]
          • Cotangent [COT]
          • Sine [SIN]
          • Tangent [TAN]
        • STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS
          • Average [AVG]
          • Maximum [MAX]
          • Minimum [MIN]
        • TEXT EDITING FUNCTIONS
          • Compare [COMPARE]
          • Merge Strings [CONCAT]
          • Contains [CONTAINS]
          • Find String [FIND]
          • String from Left [LEFT]
          • Length of String [LEN]
          • Lower Case [LOWER]
          • String from Position [MID]
          • Replace in String [REPLACE]
          • Repeat String [REPT]
          • String from Right [RIGHT]
          • Split String [SPLIT]
          • Split String to Left [SPLITLEFT]
          • Split String to Right [SPLITRIGHT]
          • Substitute Strings [SUBSTITUTE]
          • Join Strings [TEXTJOIN]
          • Trim [TRIM]
          • Upper Case [UPPER]
        • DATA CONVERSION
          • Convert to String [STR]
          • Convert Unit to String [STRCALCUNIT]
          • Number from String [STRTONUM]
      • Documentation
        • Fills
          • Full Set of Project Fills
          • Defining Fill Availability in Pop-Ups
          • Fill Categories
          • Assign a Cut Fill
          • Assign a Cover Fill
          • Draw a Drafting Fill
          • Add Area Text to a Fill
          • Fill Display Mode: Vectorial vs. Bitmap
          • Edit Vectorial Fill Pattern
          • Scale of Fills
          • Display of Vectorial Fill
          • Set Orientation of Vectorial or Symbol Fill Patterns
          • Create New Solid Fill
          • Create Symbol Fill
          • Using Gradient Fills
          • Create or Edit Image Fill
        • Drafting
          • Lines
            • Line Categories
            • Drawing a Single Straight Line Segment
            • Stretching or Shrinking Lines
            • Drawing Arcs and Full Circles
            • Stretching Curves
            • Editing an Arc Using its Tangent
            • Drawing Elliptical Arcs and Full Ellipses
            • Convert Ellipse to Circle
            • Drawing Splines
            • Editing Splines
            • Drawing Freehand Curves
            • Drawing Polylines and Chained Lines
            • Editing Polylines
          • Hotspots
          • Figures
          • Drawings in Model Views
        • Annotation
          • Dimensioning
            • Dimensioning Standards
            • Glossary of Dimensioning Terms
            • Static Dimensions
            • Linear Dimensions
            • Dimension Wall or Slab Thickness
            • Linear Dimension Geometry Methods
            • Linear Dimensions in the 3D Document Window
            • Elevation Dimensions
            • Radial Dimensions
            • Level Dimensions
            • Angle Dimensions
            • Edit Dimensions
            • Modify the Witness Line
            • Edit Text Box
            • Pointer Line
            • Automatic Exterior Dimensioning
            • Automatic Interior Dimensioning
            • Secondary Dimensions (Add-On)
          • The Grid Tool
            • Components of a Grid Element
            • Visibility of a Grid Element
            • Creating a Straight Grid Element
            • Creating a Curved Grid Element
            • Editing a Grid Element
            • Editing Grids in Teamwork
            • Place a Grid System
          • Text Blocks
            • Placing Text Blocks
            • Formatting Text Blocks As a Whole
            • Resizing Text Graphically
            • Applying Favorite Text Settings
            • Formatting Individual Components of Text Blocks
          • Autotext
            • How to Insert Autotext
            • Autotext Reference Drawing
            • Autotext Keywords
          • Labels
            • Place an Associative Label
            • Text/Autotext Label Content
            • Symbol Labels for Element Information
            • Custom Settings for Symbol Labels
            • Label Multiple Selected Elements
            • Labeling Curtain Walls
            • Labeling Stairs
            • Place an Independent Label
            • Search for Elements by Label Text
            • Find and Select Text Blocks/Labels
          • Text Editing in ARCHICAD
            • Search and Replace Text
            • Spell Checker
            • Editing Commands in Text-Type Windows
        • The Layout Book
          • Drawings in the Layout Book
            • Placing Drawings Onto the Layout
            • Arranging Multiple Drawings on the Layout
            • Drawing Frame
            • Importing PDF Files As Drawings
            • Drawing Titles
            • Managing and Updating Placed Drawings
          • Work Environment for the Layout Phase
            • Working with Layouts
            • Master Layouts
            • Subsets
          • Layout Workflow Schemes
            • Layout Workflow: Smaller Projects
            • Layout Workflow: Larger Projects
          • Layout and Drawing IDs
        • Revision Management
          • Working with Changes
            • Change Manager Palette
            • Create Change
            • Link/Unlink Change Elements
            • Add/Remove Changes on Layout Revisions
            • Change Details
            • Archive Changes in Change Manager
          • Revision Management Workflow
          • Revision Management: Default Schemes in the Template
          • Feedback on Layout Revisions
          • Revision History Data on Layout and in Layout Settings
          • Revision IDs
          • Managing Transmittal Sets
          • Change List and Transmittal History
          • Revisions in the Publisher
          • Changes from External Files
        • Publishing
          • Publisher Function
            • Defining Publisher Output Format
            • Publishing Process
          • Print
          • Plot
        • ID Management
          • Element ID Manager
        • Element Information
        • Calculation (Legacy)
      • Collaboration
        • Hotlink Modules
          • About Hotlink Modules
          • Place Hotlink
          • Edit Hotlink Module Content
          • Hotlink Settings
          • Hotlink Module Manager
          • Create Module (.mod) File
          • Save Selection in PLN Format
        • Teamwork
          • External Files Linked to Teamwork Project
            • Hotlink Modules and XREFs in Teamwork
            • External Drawings in Teamwork
          • Teamwork Setup/Preparation
            • Share a Teamwork Project in ARCHICAD
            • Libraries Setup for Teamwork Project Sharing
          • Messaging (Teamwork)
            • Create a New Message (Teamwork)
            • Receive and Open Message (Teamwork)
            • Review Elements (Teamwork)
          • Reserving Teamwork Project Data (Non-Elements)
            • Feedback on Ownership of Teamwork Project Data
            • Reservation in Attribute Manager: Reserve All Attributes (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Individual Views and View Map Folders
            • Reserve Settings of Layout Book Items (Teamwork)
            • Moving Views and Layouts in the Navigator: Reservation Requirements (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Publisher Sets (Teamwork)
            • Reserve and Delete Layers (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Find and Select Criteria (Teamwork)
            • Reservation in Interactive Schedules (Teamwork)
            • Reserve List Scheme Dialog Boxes (Teamwork)
          • Reserving Elements in Teamwork
            • Overview of Teamwork Reservation
            • Reserve Elements by Selection (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Elements by Criteria (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Library Objects (Teamwork)
            • Feedback on Element Ownership (Teamwork)
            • Reservation Results (Teamwork)
          • Remote Access to Teamwork Projects
            • Working from Home and the Office: Suggested Workflow for a Teamwork Project
            • Travel Pack: Move Your Teamwork Project and Libraries to a Different Computer
            • Avoid Conflicting Work Sessions in Teamwork Projects
          • Manage Local Teamwork Data
            • Move Local Teamwork Data to a Different Computer
            • Delete Local Teamwork Data
            • Schedule Teamwork Data Cleanup Reminder
          • Teamwork Functions at a Glance
          • GRAPHISOFT BIMcloud: Features and Benefits
          • Network Diagnostic Information (BIMcloud)
          • Open or Join Teamwork Project
          • Close Teamwork Project
          • Save Local Copy of Teamwork Project
          • Force User to Leave a Teamwork Project
          • Join or Leave a Teamwork Project
          • Send/Receive Changes in Teamwork
          • Working Online/Offline in Teamwork
          • Teamwork Interface
          • Reserve All Elements and Data (Teamwork)
          • Review Your Workspace (Teamwork)
          • Creating and Sending Project Data (Teamwork)
          • Assign Elements (Teamwork)
          • Request Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
          • Release Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
          • Add Comment to Activities (Teamwork)
          • Libraries in Teamwork
        • Collision Detection
      • Install Guide for ARCHICAD 24
        • Install ARCHICAD
        • Mac OS 10.15: Enable Full Disk Access
        • Your ARCHICAD License Key
        • Add/Repair ARCHICAD
        • Updates for ARCHICAD
        • ARCHICAD Tools and Utilities
        • Uninstall ARCHICAD
        • Using a CodeMeter Server
      • Issue Handling
        • Add Selected Elements to New Issue
        • Show Containing Issue
        • Add Views to Issue
        • Issue Manager
        • Suggestion Elements in Issue Manager (Highlight, New, Modify, Delete)
        • Assign Issue to User
        • Accept Issue Element(s)
        • Issue Management Workflow: Example
        • Issue Organizer
        • Issue Details
        • Create Issue from Model Check Report
        • Create Issue from Model Compare Change List
        • Import Issues (BCF format)
        • Export Issues (BCF format)
        • Export/Import Issues Using PDF Markup
      • Change Tracking in Teamwork
        • Create New Subscription
          • Subscribe to Changed Elements - by Criteria
          • Subscribe to Changed Elements - by Selection
          • Subscribe to Changes in Project Data
          • Filter Element Changes by Parameter Type
          • Filter Change Notifications by Teams and Users
        • View and Manage Tracked Changes
        • Manage Subscriptions
      • MEP Modeler
        • MEP Routing
          • Define Settings in Routing Palette
          • Routing Options
          • Routing Process
          • Vary Elevations During Routing
          • MEP Routing With the Magic Wand
        • MEP Work Environment
        • Place Individual MEP Elements
        • Insert MEP Junction Elements
        • MEP-Compatible Library Parts
        • MEP Connection Ports
        • MEP Systems
        • MEP Preferences
        • MEP Element Settings
        • Graphical Editing of MEP Elements
        • Resize MEP Elements (Command)
        • Select Connected MEP Elements (Command)
        • Edit MEP Selection Set (Command)
        • Create Custom MEP Part
      • Visualization
        • Visualization Extras
          • Fly-Through
          • Sun Study
          • Align View
        • PhotoRendering
          • PhotoRendering Settings Palette
          • Cineware Basic Settings
          • Create Rendered Image
        • GRAPHISOFT BIMx
          • Create BIMx Hyper-Model
            • Create BIMx Hyper-Model from Publisher
            • Create BIMx Hyper-Model Using a Wizard
            • Republish Hyper-model
          • BIMx: Notes on Model Data, Size, Textures and Shadows
        • Cameras
      • Energy Evaluation
        • Energy Evaluation Workflow: Overview
          • General Settings for Energy Evaluation
        • Energy Evaluation: Direct BIM to BEM
          • Internal Space Zones for Energy Evaluation
          • Building Energy Model View
          • Automatic Model Geometry and Material Property Analysis in Energy Evaluation
        • Energy Model Review Palette
          • List and Tree Tab Page View Options
          • Thermal Blocks Tab Page
          • Structures Tab Page
          • Openings Tab Page
          • Building Energy Model Visualization
        • Additional Data Assignment and Input
          • Thermal Block Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Structure Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Opening Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Climate Data (Energy Evaluation)
          • Environment Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Operation Profiles (Energy Evaluation)
          • Building Systems (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Source Factors (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Costs (Energy Evaluation)
        • Energy Performance Evaluation
          • Start Energy Simulation (Energy Evaluation)
          • Interoperability with Green Software (Energy Evaluation)
          • Advisory Messages (Energy Evaluation)
          • VIP-Core Dynamic Simulation Engine (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Evaluation Report Dialog
          • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - PDF Report
          • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - XLS Report
      • Interoperability
        • File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
          • CAD Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • Image Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • Model/3D Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • Other Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
        • File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
          • CAD Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Image Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Model/3D Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Document and Other Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
        • Working with PDF Documents
          • Create PDF Output Using the Publisher
            • PDF Options
          • Save Document in PDF Format
          • 3D Content in PDF
        • Working with DWG/DXF Files
          • Opening DWG/DXF Files
          • Saving DWG/DXF Files
          • Merge a DXF/DWG File
        • Working with XREFs
          • Attributes of XREF Files
          • Using XREFs in Round-Trip Communication
        • Working with Point Clouds
          • Import Point Clouds
          • Trace Point Cloud to Create Model Elements
          • Optimize Display of Point Cloud Object
          • Redefine Origin of Point Cloud Object
          • Place Point Cloud Object in Teamwork Project
        • Working With Rhino 3D Models
          • Open or Merge Rhino Model
          • Import Rhino 3DM File as Object
          • Hotlink Rhino File
          • Export Model to Rhino
        • Interoperability with MEP Applications
          • Export ARCHICAD Files to MEP Software
          • Import MEP Data to ARCHICAD
        • Interoperability with Energy Analysis
          • Integrated Energy Evaluation
          • Export Files from ARCHICAD to Energy Analysis Software
          • Import Energy Analysis Results Into ARCHICAD
        • Merging Files to ARCHICAD
        • Import/Export Property Data via Spreadsheet
        • Import BIM Content
        • Export to Artlantis
      • Working with IFC
        • Appendix: IFC Data Mapping in ARCHICAD
          • Predefined Property Mapping (Export ARCHICAD to IFC)
          • Built-in IFC Type Mapping for ARCHICAD
          • Data Types for Properties in IFC and ARCHICAD
        • IFC Project Manager
          • Functions of the IFC Project Manager
          • Navigating in the IFC Project Manager: Tree Structure
          • Navigating in IFC Project Manager: Attributes and Properties
          • Assign or Edit IFC Property/Attribute Values
          • Create New, Custom IFC Property
          • Create New Classification Reference
          • Apply Predefined Rules
          • Using Assignments in IFC Project Manager
          • Using Type Products in IFC Project Manager
        • Appendix: IFC Terms and Concepts
          • Model View Definitions
          • IFC Data Types
        • Translators for Export (Detailed Settings)
          • Model Filter for IFC Export
          • Type Mapping for IFC Export
          • How to Fix Error Warnings in the Type Mapping Dialog
          • Geometry Conversion for IFC Export
          • Property Mapping for IFC Export
          • How to create a Mapping Rule
          • Examples of Property Mapping Rules
          • Data Conversion for IFC Export
          • Unit Conversion for IFC Export
        • Translators for Import (Detailed Settings)
          • Property Mapping for IFC Import
            • Using the Mapping Table
            • Assigning Property Values in ARCHICAD (Based on IFC Property Mapping)
          • Model Filter for IFC Import
          • Type Mapping for IFC Import
          • Geometry Conversion for IFC Import
          • Layer Conversion for IFC Import
          • Material and Surface Conversion
        • IFC File Types Supported by ARCHICAD
        • ARCHICAD Classifications and Categories in IFC
        • Export IFC Model from ARCHICAD
        • Import IFC Model to ARCHICAD
        • Open IFC Model
        • Merge IFC Project
        • Hotlink IFC File
        • Update with IFC Model
        • Manage IFC Data at Element Level
        • IFC Local Preferences
        • Define Element Criteria using IFC Data
        • IFC Translators: Overview
        • Filter Model at Import (Secondary Filter)
        • Filter Model at Export
      • User Interface Reference
        • Controls
          • Action Center
          • Project Chooser
          • The 2D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
          • The 3D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
          • Control Box
          • Coordinates Palette
          • Search and Replace Text Dialog Box
          • Formatting Palette and Text Editor Controls
          • Renovation Palette
          • Teamwork Palette
          • Project Info
          • Project Notes
          • Project Preview
          • Architect Credits in BIMx
          • Session Report Window
          • Solid Element Operations Palette
          • Classic 3D Navigation Toolbar
        • Dialog Boxes
          • Detailed Cineware Settings
            • Cineware Effects
              • Ambient Occlusion (Cineware Effect)
              • Caustics (Cineware Effect)
              • Cel Renderer (Cineware Effect)
              • Color Mapping (Cineware Effect)
              • Color Correction (Cineware Effect)
              • Depth of Field (Cineware Effect)
              • Lens and Filters (Cineware Effect)
              • Distance Fog (Cineware Effect)
              • Monochrome Model (Cineware Effect)
              • Tone Mapping (Cineware Effect)
              • Vignetting (Cineware Effect)
            • Global Illumination (Cineware)
              • Preset (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Primary and Secondary Method (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Sampling (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Radiosity Maps (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • How Does QMC Work?
              • Irradiance Cache (Global Illumination)
              • Irradiance Cache (Legacy) (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Details (Cineware Global Illumination)
            • Physical Renderer (Cineware)
              • Physical Camera
              • Physical Renderer Options
              • Physical Renderer Advanced
            • General Considerations When Using Detailed Settings
            • Navigating in the PhotoRendering Settings Palette
            • List of Detailed Cineware Settings
            • Light Adjustments (Cineware)
            • Shadow Casting (Cineware)
            • Environment: Physical Sky (Cineware)
            • Environment: HDRI Sky (Cineware)
            • General Options (Cineware)
            • Antialiasing (Cineware)
            • Grass (PhotoRendering Option)
            • Spherical Camera (Cineware)
            • Stereo Rendering (Cineware)
          • Work Environment Dialog Box
            • Work Environment Schemes
            • Work Environment Profiles
            • Dialog Boxes and Palettes
            • Selection and Element Information
            • Tracker and Coordinate Input
            • Input Constraints and Guides Dialog Box
            • Model Rebuild Options
            • Publisher
            • More Options
            • Advanced Redraw Options
            • On-Screen Options
            • Data Safety & Integrity
            • Network And Update
            • Special Folders
            • Shortcut Customization Dialog Box
            • Toolbox Customization Dialog Box
            • Tool Settings Dialog Box Customization
            • Info Box Customization Dialog Box
            • Toolbar Customization Dialog Box
            • Menu Customization Dialog Box
          • Surfaces (Cineware)
            • Textures (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Special Settings for Image Textures (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Mix Mode and Mix Strength (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Shaders List (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Procedural Shaders (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Shader Effects (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Sketch Shaders (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Additional Effects for Shader Layers/Folders (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Using Layers to Combine Shaders (Cineware Surfaces)
            • Cineware Surface Channels
            • Color (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Diffusion (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Luminance (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Transparency (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Reflectance (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Environment (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Fog (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Bump (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Normal (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Alpha (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Glow (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Displacement (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Grass (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Illumination (Cineware Surface Channel)
          • Merge DXF-DWG
            • Merge DXF-DWG Model Space Dialog Box
            • Import Options for Elements on Paper Space
            • Smart Merge Options
          • DXF/DWG Translation Setup
            • Drawing Unit (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Open Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Save Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Attributes (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Layers (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Pens & Colors (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Line Types (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Fills (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Font-Style Conversion (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Miscellaneous (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Custom Functions (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
          • XREF Management Dialog Box
            • Attach XREF Options
          • Print Interactive Schedule
            • Header/Footer Settings
          • GDL (Geometric Description Language)
            • GDL Object Editor
            • Text Editing Commands in GDL Script Windows
            • Subtype Hierarchy Dialog Box (GDL Master Window)
          • 3D Projection Settings
            • Parallel Projection Settings
            • Perspective Projection Settings
          • Surfaces Dialog Box
            • Create, Load and Share Surfaces (All Engines)
            • Match Settings with Cineware Surfaces
            • Surface Exposure to Light Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Surface Vectorial Hatching Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Surface Texture Panel (Basic Engine)
          • Project Preferences Dialog Boxes
            • Dimensions Preferences
            • Calculation Units and Rules Preferences
            • Zones Preferences
            • Reference Levels Preferences
            • Legacy Preferences
            • Structural Analytical Model Representation (Preferences)
            • Structural Analytical Model Units
          • ARCHICAD License Not Found
          • Layer Settings Dialog Box
          • Lines Dialog Box
          • Building Materials Dialog Box
          • Composite Structures Dialog Box
          • Pens & Color Dialog Box
          • Add-On Manager
          • Story Settings Dialog Box
          • Edit Elements by Stories Dialog Box
          • Floor Plan Cut Plane Settings Dialog Box
          • Copy Dialog Box
          • Linework Consolidation Settings
          • Fill Consolidation Settings
          • Model View Options for Construction Elements
          • Detail Level of Door, Window and Skylight Symbols
          • Miscellaneous Settings for Library Parts
          • 3D Document Settings
          • Filter and Cut Elements in 3D Dialog Box
          • 3D Styles
          • Open GL Options
          • Sunlight Settings
          • RoofMaker Settings
          • TrussMaker Settings
          • Grid System Settings
          • Scheme Settings Dialog Box (Interactive Schedule)
          • Index Settings Dialog Box
          • View Settings Dialog Box
          • Book Settings Dialog Box
          • Subset Settings Dialog Box
          • Layout Settings
          • Import Views from ARCHICAD Project
          • Master Layout Settings
          • Drawing Manager
          • Paste Options Dialog Box
          • Print 2D Document
          • Print 3D Document
          • Print Picture
          • Print Layout
          • Plot Setup
          • Plot 2D Document
          • Plot Layout
          • PhotoRendering Settings
          • Basic Rendering Engine
          • Sketch Rendering Engine
        • Tool Settings Dialog Boxes
          • Custom Settings Panel for a Door/Window
            • Nominal Sizes and Tolerance
            • Shape
            • Door/Window Settings and Opening
            • Frame Style and Dimensions (for Door)
            • Natural Ventilation
            • Door Leaf Type
            • Handle and Kick Board (for Door)
            • Leaf and Sash Dimension (for Door)
            • Sash Type/Sash Options (Door or Window)
            • Frame and Sash (for Windows)
            • Frame Widths (for Windows)
            • Opening Type and Angle (Door/Window)
            • Opening Lines (Door/Window)
            • Opening Lines - Sidelight and Transom
            • Model Attributes of Door/Window Opening
            • Wall Opening
            • Reveal Settings
            • Wall Closure
            • Wall Inset (for Windows)
            • Masonry Arch
            • Tolerances
            • Model Attributes of Wall Opening
            • Fixtures and Fittings
            • Threshold Settings
            • Sill Settings
            • Board Settings
            • Casing Outside/Inside Settings
            • Sunshade Settings
            • Model Attributes of Fixtures and Fittings
            • Floor Plan and Section Tab Page (Door/Window Settings)
            • Minimal Space
            • Custom Corner (for Windows)
          • Object Tool Settings
            • Panels of the Object Settings Dialog Box
          • Dimension Tool Settings
            • Linear Dimension Tool Settings
          • Door/Window Tool Settings
            • Door/Window Preview and Positioning Panel
            • Where to Set Door/Window Parameters
            • Floor Plan Display of Door/Window: Symbolic vs. Projected
          • Special Lamp Parameters
            • Basic Light Parameters
            • General Light Sources and Effects
          • Working in Tool Settings Dialog Boxes
          • Wall Tool Settings
          • Roof Tool Settings
          • Shell Tool Settings
          • Slab Tool Settings
          • Mesh Tool Settings
          • Zone Tool Settings
          • Morph Tool Settings
          • Settings of Library Part Elements
          • Other Panels in Door/Window Settings
          • Skylight Tool Settings
          • Dimension Text Settings
          • Convert Dimensions Dialog Box (Add-On)
          • Text Tool Settings
          • Text Style Panel
          • Label Tool Settings
          • Drawing Settings
          • Fill Tool Settings
          • Line Tool Settings
          • Arc/Circle Tool Settings
          • Polyline Tool Settings
          • Section and Elevation Settings
          • Interior Elevation (IE) Tool Settings
          • Worksheet and Detail Tool Settings
          • Change Tool Settings
          • Grid Tool Settings
          • Wall End Tool Settings
          • Spline Tool Settings
          • Hotspot Tool Settings
          • Figure Tool Settings
          • Camera Tool Settings
      • Extra Topics
        • Bluebeam Connection
      • PARAM-O Reference Guide
        • PARAM-O Node Documentation
          • Parameters
            • Dimension 1
            • Dimension 2
            • Height
          • Shapes
            • Block
            • Cylinder
            • Cone
            • Sphere
            • Ellipsoid
            • Elbow
            • Wedge
            • Regular Prism
            • Profile Extrude
          • Inputs
            • Boolean
            • Integer
            • Number
            • Length
            • Angle
            • Random Number
            • Global Value
          • List Inputs
            • Integer Series
            • Number Series
            • Random Series
            • Number Distribution
          • Attribute Inputs
            • Pen
            • Surface
            • Profile
          • Point Inputs
            • Point
            • Vector
            • Deconstruct Point
            • Deconstruct Vector
            • Line Points
            • Grid Points
            • Arc Points
          • Transformations
            • Move
            • Move By Vector
            • Rotation X
            • Rotation Y
            • Rotation Z
            • Scale
            • Combination
          • Shape Transformations
            • Transform Shape
            • Move Shape
            • Move Shape By Vector
            • Rotate Shape X
            • Rotate Shape Y
            • Rotate Shape Z
            • Scale Shape
          • Maths
            • Addition
            • Subtraction
            • Multiplication
            • Division
            • Lower
            • Lower Or Equal
            • Greater
            • Greater Or Equal
            • Equal
            • Not Equal
            • Expression
            • Abs
            • Floor
            • Ceil
            • Sqrt
            • Negative
            • Min
            • Max
          • Trigonometry
            • Sine
            • Cosine
            • Tangent
            • Arc Sine
            • Arc Cosine
            • Arc Tangent
          • Solid Operations
            • Union
            • Difference
            • Intersection
          • Extras
            • GDL Object
            • GDL Shape
            • Viewer
        • Installation
        • Getting Started
        • PARAM-O Manager
        • PARAM-O Editor
        • Creating an Object
        • Making an Object Parametric
      • Structural Analysis Format
        • Optimizing SAF Translators
          • Download SAF Data Files Optimized for Structural Applications
          • Prepare and Export a SAF Data File to Ensure Standard Mapping
        • SAF Translator for Export: Settings
          • Material Mapping (Export to SAF)
            • Map ARCHICAD Building Material (By Name)
              • Use Element Property for More Precise Material Mapping
              • Add More SAF Materials to Mapping List (Export to SAF)
          • Profile Mapping (Export to SAF)
            • Map Complex Profiles (By Name)
              • Add More SAF Cross Sections to Mapping List (Export to SAF)
            • Default Mapping for Exported Cross Sections
          • Local Coordinate System (Export to SAF)
          • Segmentation Settings (Export to SAF)
        • SAF Translator for Import: Settings
          • Profile Mapping (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Map SAF Cross Sections By Name
              • Add More SAF Cross Sections (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Create Profiles for Unmapped Manufactured Cross Sections (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Mapping Imported “General” or “Parametric” SAF Cross Sections
            • Parametric SAF Cross Sections Recognized by ARCHICAD
            • Default Mapping for “Other” Cross Sections (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
          • Material Mapping (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Additional Material Mapping: By Element Property Value
            • Add More SAF Materials (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
          • Miscellaneous Settings (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
        • Export SAF File from ARCHICAD
        • Import SAF File to ARCHICAD
        • Import/Export Translator Settings
      • Structural Analytical Model
        • Structural Analytical Model Generation Rules
          • Adjustment Rules
            • Examples of Adjustment Rules
              • Example 1: Offset Beams to Slabs
              • Example 2: Stretch Beams to Columns
              • Example 3: Snap
              • Example 4: Cutback
              • Example 5: Stretch & Cutback
            • Adjuster Types and Options
              • Stretch 1D Member
              • Stretch 2D Member
              • Cutback 1D Member
              • Cutback 2D Member
              • Maximum Cutback/Maximum Overhang
              • Stretch & Cutback
              • Adjust Connected Ends
              • Offset 1D Member
              • Offset 2D Member
              • Offset Options In Case of Multiple Targets
              • Snap (1D to 1D)
            • Set Up Adjustment Rules
          • Filter Openings for Structural Analytical Model
          • End/Edge Release (Generation Rules)
        • Model Check - Overview
          • Physical Model Quality Check
            • Physical Model Check Parameters
          • Structural Analytical Model Quality Check
          • Model Check Report
        • Collaboration with Structural Analysis Software
          • IFC Structural Analysis Model Import/Export - Experimental Feature
        • Structural Engineering Work Environment and Commands
        • Elements of the Structural Analytical Model
        • 2D Members (Slab, Wall, Roof)
        • Structural Links
        • Structural Supports
        • Representation of Structural Analytical Model
        • Eccentricity
        • End/Edge Releases
      • Getting Help on ARCHICAD 24
      • License & Trademark Information
    • BIMcloud
      • Install Guide
        • BIMcloud Licensing
          • BIMcloud User License
          • Using the Hardware License Key
          • Using a CodeMeter Server
        • Hardware/Software Requirements
        • Compatibility
        • Update Components to Current BIMcloud
        • Clean Installation
        • BIMcloud Delta Cache
        • Reconfigure BIMcloud Components
        • Redefine File Server Folder
        • Redefine Snapshot Folder
        • Upgrade from BIMcloud Basic to BIMcloud
        • Downgrade from BIMcloud to BIMcloud Basic
        • Uninstall BIMcloud
      • Introduction to BIMcloud
        • Key Features of BIMcloud
        • BIMcloud vs. BIMcloud Basic: Feature Differences
      • BIMcloud Manager
        • Projects Page
          • Projects Navigator
            • Filters
            • Expanded View
          • Functions on the Projects Page
            • Subscribe to Changes
            • Create Folder
            • Upload Folder or File to BIMcloud
            • Teamwork Project Status
            • Duplicate Item
            • Move Item
            • Change Host Server
            • Convert BIMcloud Project to Folder
            • Convert Folder to BIMcloud Project
            • Import Teamwork Project or Library
            • Export Teamwork Project or Library
            • Export List of Folder Contents in CSV Format
            • Delete Item from Projects Page
            • Force Leave All Users from Teamwork Project
          • Summary on the Projects Page
            • Joined Users
            • Force Leave Selected User(s)
          • Panels
            • Project Settings Panel
            • Snapshots Panel
            • File/Folder Versions Panel
            • View Panel
          • BIMcloud Project
            • Create BIMcloud Project
            • BIMcloud Project Teams
            • Permissions for BIMcloud Projects and Teams
          • Project/Library Snapshot and Restore
        • Manager Web Interface
          • Home Screen
          • Content Types
          • Header
          • Navigator: Display, Select, Filter and Search Items
          • Summary
          • Panels
          • Background Jobs
          • Settings Inheritance
        • Users Page
          • Functions on the Users Page
            • Create User
            • Create Group
            • Enable/Disable User
            • Duplicate User/Group
            • Export Users
            • Import Users
            • Delete User(s)/Group(s)
            • Force User(s) to Leave All Projects
            • Send Email
          • Summary on the Users Page
            • Joined Teamwork Projects
            • Force Leave User
          • Users Navigator
          • User Settings
          • User Group Settings
        • Roles Page
          • Roles Navigator
          • Functions on the Roles Page
          • Panels
        • My Tags
          • My Tags Page
          • Add Tag to Item
          • Find Items by Tag
          • Create or Duplicate a Tag
          • Remove Tag from Item
          • Edit/Delete Tag
        • Servers Page
          • Functions on the Servers Page
            • Create Server Folder
            • Pair BIMcloud Server
            • Server Status (Running/Stop/Restart)
            • Move to Server Folder
            • Disconnect BIMcloud Server
            • Delete Server Folder
          • Panels
            • BIMcloud Manager - Settings Panel
            • BIMcloud Manager - LDAP Panel
            • BIMcloud Manager - Licenses Panel
            • BIMcloud Server - Settings Panel
            • BIMcloud Server/BIMcloud Manager - Backups Panel
            • How to Restore a Backup for BIMcloud Server or Manager
            • Where are the Server Backup Files Located?
            • Hosted Teamwork Projects/Libraries
          • Servers Navigator
          • Summary on the Servers Page
        • Access Panel
          • Granting Access
            • Roles Available when Granting Access
            • Inheritance of Access Rights
            • Traversing
            • Permissions and Dependence
          • Access Panel View Modes
          • Users Without Access
          • Revoke Access
        • Permission Management: Simplified and Detailed
          • Simplified Management: Set User’s Management Role
          • Detailed Management
          • Troubleshooting: Permissions Deadlock
        • List of Permissions
          • Management Related Permissions
          • ARCHICAD Related Permissions
        • Activities Panel
        • System Notifications
        • List of System Notifications
        • Connection Settings
        • BIMcloud Tray Icon
      • Getting Help on BIMcloud
    • ARCHICAD 24
      • Install Guide
        • BIMcloud Licensing
          • BIMcloud User License
          • Using the Hardware License Key
          • Using a CodeMeter Server
        • Hardware/Software Requirements
        • Compatibility
        • Update Components to Current BIMcloud
        • Clean Installation
        • BIMcloud Delta Cache
        • Reconfigure BIMcloud Components
        • Redefine File Server Folder
        • Redefine Snapshot Folder
        • Upgrade from BIMcloud Basic to BIMcloud
        • Downgrade from BIMcloud to BIMcloud Basic
        • Uninstall BIMcloud
      • Structural Analytical Model
        • Elements of the Structural Analytical Model
          • 1D Members (Column and Beam)
          • Connection Range (Extend Core to Enable Connection)
          • Beam/Column with Multiple Cross-Sections
        • Structural Supports
          • Place Structural Support
          • Support Elements: Symbol Options
          • Structural Supports at Openings and Holes
        • Structural Analytical Model Generation Rules
          • Adjustment Rules
            • Examples of Adjustment Rules
              • Example 1: Offset Beams to Slabs
              • Example 2: Stretch Beams to Columns
              • Example 3: Snap
              • Example 4: Cutback
              • Example 5: Stretch & Cutback
            • Adjuster Types and Options
              • Stretch 1D Member
              • Stretch 2D Member
              • Cutback 1D Member
              • Cutback 2D Member
              • Maximum Cutback/Maximum Overhang
              • Stretch & Cutback
              • Adjust Connected Ends
              • Offset 1D Member
              • Offset 2D Member
              • Offset Options In Case of Multiple Targets
              • Snap (1D to 1D)
            • Set Up Adjustment Rules
          • Filter Openings for Structural Analytical Model
          • End/Edge Release (Generation Rules)
        • Model Check - Overview
          • Physical Model Quality Check
            • Physical Model Check Parameters
          • Structural Analytical Model Quality Check
          • Model Check Report
        • Collaboration with Structural Analysis Software
          • IFC Structural Analysis Model Import/Export - Experimental Feature
        • Structural Engineering Work Environment and Commands
        • 2D Members (Slab, Wall, Roof)
        • Structural Links
        • Representation of Structural Analytical Model
        • Eccentricity
        • End/Edge Releases
      • BIMcloud Manager
        • Projects Page
          • Projects Navigator
            • Filters
            • Expanded View
          • Functions on the Projects Page
            • Subscribe to Changes
            • Create Folder
            • Upload Folder or File to BIMcloud
            • Teamwork Project Status
            • Duplicate Item
            • Move Item
            • Change Host Server
            • Convert BIMcloud Project to Folder
            • Convert Folder to BIMcloud Project
            • Import Teamwork Project or Library
            • Export Teamwork Project or Library
            • Export List of Folder Contents in CSV Format
            • Delete Item from Projects Page
            • Force Leave All Users from Teamwork Project
          • Summary on the Projects Page
            • Joined Users
            • Force Leave Selected User(s)
          • Panels
            • Project Settings Panel
            • Snapshots Panel
            • File/Folder Versions Panel
            • View Panel
          • BIMcloud Project
            • Create BIMcloud Project
            • BIMcloud Project Teams
            • Permissions for BIMcloud Projects and Teams
          • Project/Library Snapshot and Restore
        • Manager Web Interface
          • Home Screen
          • Content Types
          • Header
          • Navigator: Display, Select, Filter and Search Items
          • Summary
          • Panels
          • Background Jobs
          • Settings Inheritance
        • Users Page
          • Functions on the Users Page
            • Create User
            • Create Group
            • Enable/Disable User
            • Duplicate User/Group
            • Export Users
            • Import Users
            • Delete User(s)/Group(s)
            • Force User(s) to Leave All Projects
            • Send Email
          • Summary on the Users Page
            • Joined Teamwork Projects
            • Force Leave User
          • Users Navigator
          • User Settings
          • User Group Settings
        • Roles Page
          • Roles Navigator
          • Functions on the Roles Page
          • Panels
        • My Tags
          • My Tags Page
          • Add Tag to Item
          • Find Items by Tag
          • Create or Duplicate a Tag
          • Remove Tag from Item
          • Edit/Delete Tag
        • Servers Page
          • Functions on the Servers Page
            • Create Server Folder
            • Pair BIMcloud Server
            • Server Status (Running/Stop/Restart)
            • Move to Server Folder
            • Disconnect BIMcloud Server
            • Delete Server Folder
          • Panels
            • BIMcloud Manager - Settings Panel
            • BIMcloud Manager - LDAP Panel
            • BIMcloud Manager - Licenses Panel
            • BIMcloud Server - Settings Panel
            • BIMcloud Server/BIMcloud Manager - Backups Panel
            • How to Restore a Backup for BIMcloud Server or Manager
            • Where are the Server Backup Files Located?
            • Hosted Teamwork Projects/Libraries
          • Servers Navigator
          • Summary on the Servers Page
        • Access Panel
          • Granting Access
            • Roles Available when Granting Access
            • Inheritance of Access Rights
            • Traversing
            • Permissions and Dependence
          • Access Panel View Modes
          • Users Without Access
          • Revoke Access
        • Permission Management: Simplified and Detailed
          • Simplified Management: Set User’s Management Role
          • Detailed Management
          • Troubleshooting: Permissions Deadlock
        • List of Permissions
          • Management Related Permissions
          • ARCHICAD Related Permissions
        • Activities Panel
        • System Notifications
        • List of System Notifications
        • Connection Settings
        • BIMcloud Tray Icon
      • Install Guide for ARCHICAD 24
        • Install ARCHICAD
        • Mac OS 10.15: Enable Full Disk Access
        • Your ARCHICAD License Key
        • Add/Repair ARCHICAD
        • Updates for ARCHICAD
        • ARCHICAD Tools and Utilities
        • Uninstall ARCHICAD
        • Using a CodeMeter Server
      • Network Installation for BIM Managers
        • Command Line Parameters (Custom Install)
        • Option File (Custom Install)
        • Installer Log Files and Error Codes
        • Unattended Uninstall
        • Third-Party Prerequisites
        • Customized Company Defaults for Unattended Installation (ARCHICAD Only)
      • New Features in ARCHICAD 24
        • Integrated Design
          • Integrated Structural Analytical Model
            • Simplified Representation of Load-Bearing Construction
            • Automatic Generation of Structural Analytical Model
            • Exchange of Structural Analytical Model with Analysis Applications
          • Integrated MEP Modeler
            • Joint MEP Openings
            • MEP Modeler Enhancements
          • Model Checking
            • Physical Model Quality Check
            • Structural Analytical Model Quality Check
            • Model Check Report
        • Collaboration
          • Tracking Changes in Teamwork Projects
            • Subscriptions for Change Tracking
            • Manage Tracked Changes
            • Visualizing Project Changes
          • Model Comparison
            • Compare 3D Models
            • Visualize Model Changes
            • Filter Changes
            • Manage Model Changes
          • Issue Management
            • Highlights and Suggestions
            • Creating Issues
            • Managing Issues
            • BIMcloud Enhancements for Issue Management
            • Support for BCF 2.1
        • Coordination
          • BIMcloud as Multi-Disciplinary Model Hub
            • Project Management on BIMcloud
            • Team Management on BIMcloud
            • File Management on BIMcloud
            • Enhanced Coordination with ARCHICAD
          • Geometry Exchange with Revit
        • Productivity
          • Content Library Update - New Residential Furniture Elements
          • Import and Use Revit Families as GDL Objects
          • Polyline editing functions refined
          • ARCHICAD option set values available as a 'pull-down menu' when exported to Excel
          • DGN v8 Support
        • Experimental Features
        • BIMx
      • Migrating to ARCHICAD 24
        • Migration Topics: Migrating from Versions 18-23
          • Migrating Libraries to ARCHICAD 24
          • Migrating a Teamwork Project (v. 13-23) to ARCHICAD 24
        • Migrating from Older Versions (ARCHICAD 8.1 through 17)
          • Migration of Rendering/Surface Settings to Cineware
          • Migration of Lights and Lamp Settings
          • Images from QuickTime Formats
          • Element Display in Interior Elevations
          • Building Materials: Collision Detection Setting
          • Building Materials: Attribute Migration Issues
          • Migrating EcoDesigner or Energy Evaluation Data
          • Priority-Based Element Intersections
          • Display of Transparent Elements
          • Walls, Zones, Columns: Toplink Option
          • Core-Based Reference Plane for Slab
          • Core-Based Wall Reference Line
          • Changed Renovation Features
          • Migrating Roofs and Skylights
          • VR Scenes and VR Objects No Longer Supported
          • Migration of Exported Options Files (.xml, .aat, .prf)
          • Find & Select Criteria Sets
          • Open Older (pre-13) Teamwork Files in ARCHICAD 24
          • Migrating Libraries and Objects from ARCHICAD 12 and Earlier
          • “Automatic” Home Story Setting Eliminated
          • Doors and Windows in Partial Structure Display
          • Lost IFC Data
          • Section/Elevation Marker Display
          • DXF/DWG Translator Changes in Converting ARCHICAD Fills
          • Migrate Projects Containing Hotlinks
          • Migrating PlotMaker Layout Books to ARCHICAD 24
      • Configuration
        • Favorites
          • Apply a Favorite
          • Search Favorites
          • Create New Favorite
          • Redefine Favorite
          • Edit Settings of One or More Favorites
          • Missing Content in Favorite
          • Favorites Palette
          • Import/Export Favorites
        • Work Environment
          • Tab Bar
            • Transfer Settings Among Tabs
          • Default Work Environment Profiles
          • Arranging Palettes, Toolbars and Windows
          • Set Window Background and Grid Line Color
          • Quick Options Bar
          • Toolbox
          • Info Box
          • Menus
          • Toolbars
          • Shortcuts
          • Palettes
          • Pet Palettes
        • Libraries
          • Embedded Library
            • Add Objects to Embedded Library
            • Manage Embedded Objects
          • BIMcloud Libraries
            • Add BIMcloud Library
            • Manage BIMcloud Libraries
          • Library Manager
          • Linked Libraries
          • Remove Library from Project
          • Recommendations for Using Libraries
          • Troubleshooting Library Issues
          • Library Container File
        • Attributes
          • Layers
            • About Layers
            • Quick Layers
            • Layer Combinations
            • Use Layers to Prevent Intersections
            • Use Separate Layer Settings for the Layout Book
            • Place All Elements on a Single “Active Layer” (Simulate AutoCAD Work Methods)
          • Pen Sets
            • Apply a Pen Set
            • Redefine a Pen Set
          • Surfaces
            • About Surfaces
            • Override Surfaces With Surface Painter
            • Surface Painter Palette
            • Override Surfaces in Element Settings
            • Align 3D Texture
            • Default Texture Alignments/Reset Texture
            • Display of Surfaces in Renderings
          • Attribute Manager
            • Attribute Manager: Editable Attribute Parameters
              • Layer Combinations and Layers (Attribute Manager)
              • Pen Sets and Pens (Attribute Manager)
              • Lines (Attribute Manager)
              • Fills (Attribute Manager)
              • Surfaces (Attribute Manager)
              • Building Materials (Attribute Manager)
              • Composites (Attribute Manager)
              • Profiles (Attribute Manager)
              • Zone Categories (Attribute Manager)
              • Cities (Attribute Manager)
              • MEP Systems (Attribute Manager)
              • Operation Profiles (Attribute Manager)
            • Attribute Management Commands
            • Revert Changes in Attribute Manager
          • Missing Attributes
            • Find and Select Elements with Missing Attributes
          • Lines
          • Fills
          • Building Materials
          • Composite Structures
          • Custom Attributes of GDL Objects
          • Delete and Replace Attributes in a Model
        • Start ARCHICAD
        • Create New Project
        • Open Recent Project(s)
        • Browse for a Project
        • Opening Legacy or Archive Projects: Manage Library Parts
        • Close Project
        • Save ARCHICAD Project
        • File Compression
        • ARCHICAD License Types
        • Sign In with GRAPHISOFT ID
        • Resolving Issues with Serial Numbers
        • Bug Reporter
        • Template Files
        • Backup Files
        • Archive Projects
        • ARCHICAD User Feedback - Net Promoter Score Survey
        • Create Support Package (Troubleshooting)
        • License Information
        • Opening Projects through a Network
        • Add-Ons and Goodies
        • Working Units
        • Project Location and Project North
        • Project Preferences
        • Scale
      • Interaction
        • Navigation
          • Pop-up Navigator
            • Navigator Project Map
            • Navigator View Map
          • Navigation in the 3D Window
            • Accessing 3D Navigation Commands
            • Explore Model (3D Navigation)
            • Orbit (3D Navigation)
            • Navigator Preview (3D)
            • 3D Connexion Enabler
          • Organizer Palette
            • Clone a Folder in the View Map
            • Navigator Layout Book
            • Navigator Publisher
            • Access Views/Layouts from External ARCHICAD Project
          • How to Navigate Among ARCHICAD Views
          • Zoom
          • Fit in Window
          • Set Orientation
          • Navigator Preview (2D)
          • Navigator Palette
        • Origins
          • Elevation Values in the Tracker
        • Selection
          • Selecting Elements
            • Quick Selection of Surface Areas
            • Select Multiple Elements With Selection Polygon
          • Selection Feedback
            • Selection Highlight and Element Information Highlight
          • Marquee Area
            • Marquee Area Definition
            • Save Marquee Area as PDF or DWG
            • Copy/Paste Marquee Area from Project Window
            • Other Editing Operations within the Marquee
          • Element Information Pop-up (Info Tags)
          • Find and Select Elements
          • Define Element Criteria
          • Predefined Criteria Sets
          • Edit Selection Set
          • Store Selection Sets in Selections Palette
        • On-Screen Input Aids
          • Relative Construction Methods
            • Parallel and Perpendicular Constraints
            • Angle Bisector Constraint
            • Offset and Multiple Offset Constraints (Relative Construction Methods)
            • Aligning Elements to a Surface in 3D
          • Tracker
            • Element Input Using Tracker Coordinates
          • Magic Wand
            • Magic Wand Settings
          • Editing Plane in 3D Window
            • Editing Plane Display
            • Reposition Editing Plane
          • Snap Points
            • Snap Points on Temporary Vector
          • The Intelligent Cursor
          • Ruler
          • Measure Tool
          • Set up Construction Grid
          • Set up Snap Grid
          • Snap to Grid
          • Snap Guides
          • Guide Lines
          • Gravity
          • Mouse Constraints
          • Coordinate Constraints
          • Snapping to Existing Elements
          • Cursor Snap Range
        • Editing Elements
          • Move Elements
            • Nudging Elements
            • Dragging Elements
            • Rotating Elements
            • Mirroring Elements
            • Elevating Elements
          • Distribute Elements
            • Special Distribute
          • Modify Element Sizes
            • Reshaping Polygons and Chained Elements
            • Stretching with the Marquee Tool
            • Stretch Height
            • Resize (Enlarge or Reduce) Elements
            • Splitting Elements
            • Adjusting Elements
            • Adjust Elements to Slabs
            • Create a Fillet or Chamfer
            • Trim Elements Using Scissors
            • Adding Element Nodes
            • Move Nodes
            • Curve/Straighten Element Edge
          • Duplicate Elements
            • Drag, Rotate, Mirror Element Copies
            • Multiply Elements
          • Basic Editing Operations
          • Cancel Operations (ESC Key, Backspace)
          • Offset All Edges
          • Intersect Two Elements
          • Align Elements
          • Explode into Current View
          • Drag & Drop
          • Parameter Transfer
          • Element Transfer Settings
          • Group Elements
          • Lock/Unlock Elements
          • Display Order
        • Virtual Trace: Using References to Edit and Compare Model Views and Drawings
          • Choose a Trace Reference
          • Show/Hide Trace Reference
          • Move/Rotate/Reset Reference
          • Switch Reference with Active: Access Elements within the Reference for Editing or Copying
          • Activate Reference
          • Rebuild Trace Reference
          • Compare Reference with Active
        • Consolidate Lines and Fills in Drawing Windows
      • Elements of the Virtual Building
        • Construction Elements
          • Walls
            • Wall Reference Line
            • Create a Straight Wall
            • Create a Curved Wall
            • Create a Chain of Walls
            • Create a Rectangle of Walls
            • Create a Trapezoid Wall
            • Create a Polygon Wall (PolyWall)
            • Stretching Walls
            • Create a Slanted or Double-Slanted Wall
            • Modify Slanted Wall
            • Create a Log Wall
            • Walls and Other Elements
            • Modify Wall Reference Line
            • Invert Wall Direction
          • Place a Construction Element in ARCHICAD
            • Home Story
            • Define Top Link for Wall, Column, Zone or Stair
          • Columns
            • Place a Column
            • Create a Slanted Column
            • Create a Multi-Segment Column
            • Delete Column Segment or Beam Segment
            • Define Column/Segment Structure
            • Rotate Join Angle
            • Tapered Column or Segment
            • Editing Columns
            • Edit Mode for Multi-Segment Columns
            • Core and Veneer
            • Columns and Other Elements
            • Column Tool Settings: Preview and Positioning
            • Column End Cuts and Reference Axis
            • Column Model Display
            • Column Display on Floor Plan and Section
          • Beams
            • Place a Beam
            • Create a Slanted Beam
            • Curve a Beam Vertically
            • Create a Multi-Segment Beam
            • Define Beam/Segment Structure
            • Define Join Geometry
            • Tapered Beam or Segment
            • Editing Beams
            • Create a Hole in a Beam
            • Selecting and Modifying Beam Holes
            • Beams and Other Elements
            • Beam Tool Settings: Preview and Positioning
            • Beam End Cuts
            • Beam Reference Axis
            • Beam Model Display
            • Beam Display on Floor Plan and Section
            • Rotating Beam and Columns
          • Complex Profiles
            • Offset Modifiers
              • Create New Offset Modifier
              • Edit Offset Modifier
              • Offset Modifiers: Tips and Tricks
            • Create Complex Profile from Parallel Elements
            • Use Standard Steel Column or Beam Profile
            • Profile Manager
            • Create or Edit Complex Profile
            • Apply Profile to Selected Element
            • Capture Selected Element for New Profile
            • Apply Custom Surface or Line to Profile Edge
            • Profile Origin in Profile Editor Window
            • Stretch Modifiers
          • Roofs
            • Examples of Multi-plane Roofs
              • Hip Roof
              • Complex Roof
              • Gable Roof
              • Pyramidal Roof
              • Mansard Roof
              • Gablet Roof
              • Gambrel Roof
              • Cross-Gable Roof
            • Editing Roofs
              • Graphical Editing of Roof Geometry
              • Modify the Roof Pitch
              • Add Roof Level
              • Edit Roof Levels
              • Edit Eaves or Gable Overhang
              • Edit Roof Contour
              • Edit Roof Ridge
              • Customize Roof Plane
              • Customize Edge of Roof or Roof Hole
              • Create a Hole in a Roof
              • Create an Atrium
              • Add a Tower to the Roof
              • Create Roof Level Lines
              • Intersect Single-plane Roofs
            • About Roofs
            • Create a Single-plane Roof on the Floor Plan
            • Create a Single-plane Roof in the 3D Window
            • Create a Multi-plane Roof
            • Crop Elements to Single-plane Roof
            • Create Special Roof Objects with RoofMaker
          • Trim Elements to Roof or Shell
            • Trim Multiple Selected Elements: Automatic Trim
              • Automatic Trim: Example 1
              • Automatic Trim: Example 2
            • Define Trimming Bodies
            • Trim Elements to Roof: Manual Trim
          • Merge Trimming Elements
            • Merge Elements: Roofs, Shells, Morphs
            • Managing Element Connections
          • Slabs
            • Slab Reference Plane
            • Creating Slabs
            • Placing Holes in Slabs
            • Set Custom Slab Edge Angle and Edge Surface
          • Shells
            • Extruded Shells
              • Simple Extruded Vault: Parallel to the Floor Plan
              • Simple Extruded Vault: Perpendicular to the Floor Plan
              • Extruded Shell with Freely Defined Profile
            • Revolved Shells
              • Revolved Shell: Simple Input
              • Revolved Shell with Freely Defined Profile
            • Ruled Shells
              • Ruled Vaulted Shell
            • Sample Workflows for Shell Creation
              • Extruded Shell: Wavy Canopy Roof
              • Revolved Shell: Arced Triangular Roof Complex
              • Revolved Shell: Define Contours in Section
              • Ruled Shell: Tennis Court Shell
              • Ruled Shell: Twisted Tower
            • Graphical Editing of Shells
              • Options for Editing Extruded Shells
              • Options for Editing Revolved Shells
              • Options for Editing Ruled Shells
            • About Shells
            • Create Hole in Shell
            • Edit Shell Hole
            • Define Shell Contour
            • Edit Shell Contour Polygon
            • Customize Edge of Shell or Edge of Shell Hole
          • Meshes
            • Create a Mesh
            • Edit Elevation of a Mesh Point
            • Add New Points to the Mesh
            • Create a Hole in the Mesh
            • Display of Meshes
          • Zones
            • Calculating Zone Area and Zone Volume
              • Relation to Zones
            • Creating Zones
            • Zone Categories
            • 2D Display of Zone Backgrounds
            • Zone Stamps
            • 3D Display of Zone Spaces
            • Crop Zone to Another Element
            • Updating Zones
          • Curtain Wall
            • Curtain Wall Input Methods
              • Create Curtain Wall on the Floor Plan
              • Draw Curtain Wall Boundary in the Section Window
              • Create a Curved Curtain Wall: Geometry Methods
              • Create Curtain Wall in the 3D Window
              • Curtain Wall Input Plane in 3D Window
              • Extrude Curtain Wall from a Slanted Input Plane
              • Positioning Curtain Wall in Section
            • Working with Curtain Walls: Overview
            • Curtain Wall Components
            • Curtain Wall Frames
            • Curtain Wall Frame Settings
            • Curtain Wall Panels
            • Place Door- or Window-Type Panel in Curtain Wall
            • Curtain Wall Panel Settings
            • Curtain Wall Scheme Settings
            • Set up Grid Pattern in Scheme Settings
            • Create Grid Pattern Graphically
            • Model View Options for Curtain Walls
            • Curtain Wall Edit Mode
            • Edit Grid and Grid Lines in Edit Mode
            • Graphical Editing of Curtain Wall
            • Add Additional Curtain Wall Boundary
            • Curtain Wall Junctions
            • Curtain Wall Accessories
            • Curtain Wall System Settings
            • Curtain Walls and Other Elements
          • Stairs
            • Flight and Landing Structures
              • Monolithic Flight and Landing Structures
              • Beam Flight Structure
              • Beam Landing Structure
              • Cantilevered Flight and Landing Structure
              • Stringers Flight and Landing Structure
            • Stair Settings (Main Element Settings)
              • Stair Settings: Geometry and Positioning
              • Stair Settings: Rules and Standards
            • About the Stair Tool
            • Stair Input
            • Graphical Editing of Stair Scheme
            • Stair Turning Type
            • Winder Types for Equal-Going Winders
            • Stair Segment Type
            • Stair Tool Edit Mode
            • Automatic “Solver” Options to Resolve Geometric Conflicts
            • Toplinked Stairs and Changed Story Height
            • Tread and Riser Finishes
            • Split Stair Structure
            • Custom Sub-Elements for Stairs and Railings
            • Stair Endings and Connections
            • Model View Options for Stairs
            • Detail Level of Stair and Railing Symbols
            • Floor Plan/Reflected Ceiling Plan Display (Stair Settings)
            • Edit Stair Symbol Components Graphically
          • Railings
            • Baluster Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Post Component Settings (Posts/Inner Posts/Balusters)
            • Segment Settings (Railing Tool)
              • The Pattern Editor (Railing Tool Settings)
              • Segment Settings (Page of Railing Tool Settings)
              • Segment Pattern Settings (Panel of Railing Tool)
            • Rail Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Rail Component Settings (Toprail/Handrail/Rail)
            • About the Railing Tool
            • Place Railing: Basic Polyline Input
            • Place Associative Railing
            • Working with Railing Segments and Nodes
            • Railing Reference Line
            • Railing Tool Edit Mode
            • Railing Settings: Overview
            • Railing Settings: Geometry and Symbol Display
            • Toprail Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Handrail Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Inner Post Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Panel Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Node Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Post Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Connection Settings (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
            • Railing Ends (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
            • Model View Options for Railings
          • Morphs
            • Useful Commands for Transforming Morphs
              • Transforming Morphs: Smooth & Merge Faces
              • Intersect Morph Faces (Generate Edges within a Morph)
              • Transforming Morphs: Curve & Merge Edges
              • Combine Morph Faces for Smooth Editing Effect: Use “Soft” Edges
              • Transforming Morphs: Box Stretch a Morph
              • Transforming Morphs: Cover with Faces
              • Transforming Morphs: Custom Face Settings
            • Basic Morph Editing
              • Basic Morph Editing: Push-Pull
              • Basic Morph Editing: Bulge
              • Basic Morph Editing: Add
              • Basic Morph Editing: Tube
              • Basic Morph Editing: Offset Morph Edge(s)
              • Basic Morph Editing: Curve Edge
              • Basic Morph Editing: Move Morph Sub-Element
              • Basic Morph Editing: Add Node to Morph
              • Basic Morph Editing: Fillet/Chamfer a Morph
            • Morph Selection
            • Create a 2D Morph
            • Create a Box Morph
            • Create a Revolved Morph
            • Create Morph from Existing Elements
            • Morph Edge Type: Hard, Hidden, Soft
            • Boolean Operations with Morphs
            • Morph Texture Mapping and Alignment
            • Fix Modeling Errors: Check and Solidify Morphs
          • Element Intersections
            • Basic Intersection Principles
            • Specific Element Intersections and Junctions
            • How to Make Sure Elements Collide for Best Cleanup Results
            • Intersecting Elements That Don’t Clean Up
            • Best Practices for Intersections: Conceptual Design Phase
            • Fine-Tune Intersections
            • Legacy Intersection Mode for Older-Version Projects
          • Model Element Connections
        • Parametric Objects
          • Create Custom Library Parts and Components
            • Create Custom Components: Example Workflows
              • Example: Create Custom Door Leaf
              • Example: Create Custom Frame or Cap Profile for Curtain Walls
            • Save 2D Symbols as Objects
            • Save 2D Elements as Label
            • Save 3D Elements as Objects
            • Save Rectangular Doors and Windows from 3D Model Elements
            • Save Custom-Shape Doors or Windows
            • Create Custom Components for Doors, Windows, Curtain Wall, Stair, Railing
            • Editing Custom Library Parts and Components
          • About Parametric Objects
          • Where to Find Objects for Use in ARCHICAD
          • BIM Components
          • Search for Library Part
          • Placing an Object
          • 2D and 3D Representation of Objects
          • Stretching Objects
          • Parameter Transfer Between Objects
          • Graphical Editing Using Editable Hotspots
          • Create Patch Object
          • About GDL Object Subtypes
          • Open and Edit Library Part
          • Scripting Custom Objects
          • Further Resources on GDL Object Creation
        • Dedicated Object Tools: Doors, Windows, Skylights, Wall Ends
          • Doors/Windows
            • Placing Doors or Windows
            • Previews in Door/Window Settings
            • Floor Plan Display of Doors/Windows
            • Setting the Window/Door Plane in Slanted or Complex Walls
            • Sill or Header Heights
            • Sill Height Using Subfloor Thickness
            • Anchor Reveal
            • Creating an Empty Opening
            • Moving Wall Openings
            • Doors/Windows in Curved Wall
          • Skylights
            • Placing and Moving a Skylight
            • Skylight Constraint Relative to Roof
          • Corner Windows
          • Wall Ends
        • Openings
          • Create Opening
          • Opening Display on Floor Plan
          • Use Limited Opening to Create Niche or Recess
          • On-Screen View Options for Openings
          • Edit Opening
          • Manage Opening Connections
          • Edit Openings in Teamwork
          • Import/Save Openings with IFC
          • Create Openings from Selection
        • TrussMaker
          • Creating Trusses in the Floor Plan
          • Editing Trusses
          • Creating Trusses in Section/Elevation/IE Windows
        • Solid Element Operations
          • Solid Operation Example
            • Managing Solid Element Connections
          • About Solid Element Operations
          • Solid Operation Types
        • Properties and Classification Systems
          • Property Manager
            • Expression-Defined Properties: Examples
              • Example 1: Simple Mapping
              • Example 2: Modify Element Parameter, Using an Operator
              • Example 3: Expand Property with Descriptive Text String
              • Example 4: Calculate a Quantity and Round Up
              • Example 5: Calculate a Length and Add Overhang
              • Example 6: Round Up to Standard Beam Length
              • Example 7: Display Regulation-Compliance Data for an Element
              • Example 8: Generate Expanded ID for Openings
              • Example 9: Calculate Number of Tiles to Purchase
              • Example 10: List the Total Cost of a Structure in Dollars
            • Expression-Defined Element Properties
              • Create a New Expression-Defined Property: Step By Step
              • Using Expression Editor: Context-Sensitive Help
              • Evaluate Expression-Defined Property
            • Errors in Expressions and How to Fix Them
              • Result Conflicts with Data Type
              • All Arguments Must Use the Same Data Type and Compatible Units
              • Argument’s Data Type is Not Correct
              • Data Type Not Available in ARCHICAD
              • Mathematical Error
              • Incorrect Sign and/or Number Type
              • Data Type Cannot be Changed
              • Does Not Contain Numeric Characters
            • Property Availability for Classifications
            • Assign Classifications/Properties in Element Schedule
            • Show Property Data in Labels and Markers
            • Properties in Hotlinks
            • Export/Import Properties Between Projects
          • Assign Classification
          • Assign Custom Property Value
          • Default Property Value
          • Classification Manager
        • Ramp Object
      • Views of the Virtual Building
        • ARCHICAD Model Views
          • Stories
            • About Stories
            • Navigate Among Stories
            • Defining Story Display in 3D
            • Defining Story Display in Section/Elevation/IE
            • Create or Delete or Rename Stories
            • Story Level Lines
          • Element Display in Floor Plan and Section
            • Show On Stories
            • Floor Plan Display (Element Settings)
            • Show Projection
            • Cut Surfaces and Outlines (Element Settings)
          • 3D Window
            • 3D Cutting Planes
              • Show or Hide 3D Cutaway
              • Create a 3D Cutaway on the Floor Plan or Section
              • Create a 3D Cutaway in the 3D Window
              • Edit Cutaway
              • 3D Cutaway Attributes
              • Hide 3D Cutting Planes
              • Delete Cutting Planes
            • Show Selection/Marquee in 3D
            • Save Contents of 3D Window as a View
            • 3D Engines
            • 3D Projections
            • 3D Navigation Extras
            • 3D Window Size
          • Sections
            • Create a Section Viewpoint
            • Open a Section Viewpoint
            • Horizontal/Vertical Range of Section Viewpoint
            • Define Marker Reference for Source Marker
            • Floor Plan Display of Section Markers
            • Model Display in the Section Window
            • Editing Section/Elevation/IE Lines on Floor Plan
            • Place a Linked Section Marker
            • Place Unlinked Marker
            • Create an Independent Section Viewpoint
            • Assign Section Rebuild Status
            • Updating Sections
            • Summary of Rebuild Commands
          • Interior Elevations (IE)
            • About Interior Elevations
            • Create Interior Elevation Group
            • Create Single Interior Elevation Viewpoint
            • Interior Elevation Horizontal Range
            • Interior Elevation Vertical Range
            • Display and Edit Interior Elevation Marker Lines and Marker Range
            • Interior Elevation IDs and Names
            • Delete/Restore IE Viewpoint
            • Display of Elements in Interior Elevation
          • 3D Document
            • About the 3D Document
            • Create a 3D Document
            • Redefine the 3D Document
            • Model Display of the 3D Document
          • Details
            • About Details
            • Create a Detail Drawing Viewpoint with Model Source
            • Contents of the Detail Viewpoint
            • Place a Linked Detail Marker
            • Create an Independent Detail Viewpoint
            • Display of Detail/Worksheet Boundary
            • Update Detail/Worksheet Marker Boundary
            • Updating the Detail Window
          • Worksheets
            • About Worksheets
            • Worksheet vs. Detail
            • Create a Worksheet Drawing with Model Source
            • Contents of the Worksheet Window
            • Editing in the Worksheet Window
            • Create an Independent Worksheet Viewpoint
            • Place a Linked Worksheet Marker
          • Managing Markers in ARCHICAD
            • About Markers
            • Display of Marker Range Lines
            • Source Marker Highlight
            • Changing Marker Type
            • Transfer Marker Parameters
            • Copying a Marker
            • Find Linked Markers
            • Check Markers Palette
            • Deleting a Viewpoint/View/Drawing with a Marker
            • Deleting a Source Marker
          • Interactive Schedule
            • Types of Interactive Schedules
            • Units in Interactive Schedules
            • Open and View a Schedule
            • Show Schedule Data for Selected Floor Plan Items
            • Editing and Updating Schedule Items
            • Select Schedule Items on Floor Plan/3D
            • Define Schedule Content Using Scheme Settings
            • Create Schedule of Surfaces
            • Format Options (Interactive Schedule)
            • Schedule Headers
            • Previews and Pictures in the Interactive Schedule
            • Restructure Schedule to Fit Layout
            • Split Schedule into Multiple Layouts
          • Floor Plan Window
          • Floor Plan Cut Plane (Global Setting)
          • Elevations
          • Project Indexes
        • Model View Options
          • Define Model View Options
          • Model View Options Combinations
        • Partial Structure Display
          • Applying Partial Structure Settings to Model Windows
          • Save Partial Structure Settings by View
          • How to Define Components as “Core” or “Finish”
          • Visualizing the Entire Model
          • Partial Structure Display Settings: Effect on Elements
          • Partial Structure Display Settings in Windows Based on a Source Marker
        • Renovation
          • Renovation Filters
            • Apply Renovation Filter
            • Show an Element in a Single Renovation Filter Only
            • Renovation Filter Options
            • Examples of Renovation Filters
          • Graphic Overrides By Renovation Status
            • Openings By Renovation Status: Override Examples
          • Workflows for Tricky Renovation Situations
            • Adding Insulation to Walls: Renovation Workflow
            • Adding New Door Panel to Existing Door Frame: Renovation Workflow
            • Zone Stamps for Renovated Rooms: Renovation Workflow
            • Listing Material Quantities for Renovation Projects
          • Assign Renovation Status to Elements
          • Best Practices for Creating Renovation Views
          • Reset Renovation Status
        • Graphic Overrides
          • Graphic Override Rules
          • Graphic Override Combinations
          • Exceptions: When Overrides Don’t Apply
        • On-Screen View Options
      • Element Parameters
        • Component Listing Parameters in the Interactive Schedule
          • Calculation of Projected Component/Skin Area
        • General Listing Parameters
        • Beam Listing Parameters
        • Beam Segment Listing Parameters
        • Column Listing Parameters
        • Column Segment Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Accessory Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Frame Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Junction Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Panel Listing Parameters
        • Window/Door Listing Parameters
        • Fill Listing Parameters
        • Lamp Listing Parameters
        • Mesh Listing Parameters
        • Morph Listing Parameters
        • Object/Lamp Listing Parameters
        • Opening Listing Parameters
        • Railing Listing Parameters
        • Railing Segment Listing Parameters
        • Railing Members Listing Parameters
        • Roof Listing Parameters
        • Shell Listing Parameters
        • Skylight Listing Parameters
        • Slab Listing Parameters
        • Stair Listing Parameters
        • Stair Finish Listing Parameters
        • Stair Structure Listing Parameters
        • Wall Listing Parameters
        • Zone Listing Parameters
      • Functions in Expressions
        • CONSTANTS
          • Pi [PI]
          • True[TRUE] False[FALSE]
        • OPERATORS
          • Add [+]
          • Divide [/]
          • Equals [-]
          • Greater Than [>]
          • Greater Than or Equal to [>-]
          • Not Equal [<>]
          • Power [^]
          • Subtract [-]
        • LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
          • And [AND]
          • Or [OR]
          • Not [NOT]
          • If [IF]
          • If Multiple [IFS]
          • Exclusive Or [XOR]
          • Undefined [ISUNDEFINED]
        • MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
          • Absolute Value [ABS]
          • e Exponent [EXP]
          • Natural Logarithm [LN]
          • Base Logarithm [LOG]
          • Base 10 Logarithm [LOG10]
          • Remainder [MOD]
          • Nth Root [NTHROOT]
          • Power [POWER]
          • Quotient [QUOTIENT]
          • Sign [SIGN]
          • Square Root [SQRT]
          • Sum [SUM]
          • Round to Multiple [MROUND]
          • Round Down to Multiple [MROUNDDOWN]
          • Round Up to Multiple [MROUNDUP]
          • Round [ROUND]
          • Round Down [ROUNDDOWN]
          • Round Up [ROUNDUP]
        • TRIGONOMETRICAL FUNCTIONS
          • Arccosine [ACOS]
          • Arccotangent [ACOT]
          • Arcsine [ASIN]
          • Arctangent [ATAN]
          • Cosine [COS]
          • Cotangent [COT]
          • Sine [SIN]
          • Tangent [TAN]
        • STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS
          • Average [AVG]
          • Maximum [MAX]
          • Minimum [MIN]
        • TEXT EDITING FUNCTIONS
          • Compare [COMPARE]
          • Merge Strings [CONCAT]
          • Contains [CONTAINS]
          • Find String [FIND]
          • String from Left [LEFT]
          • Length of String [LEN]
          • Lower Case [LOWER]
          • String from Position [MID]
          • Replace in String [REPLACE]
          • Repeat String [REPT]
          • String from Right [RIGHT]
          • Split String [SPLIT]
          • Split String to Left [SPLITLEFT]
          • Split String to Right [SPLITRIGHT]
          • Substitute Strings [SUBSTITUTE]
          • Join Strings [TEXTJOIN]
          • Trim [TRIM]
          • Upper Case [UPPER]
        • DATA CONVERSION
          • Convert to String [STR]
          • Convert Unit to String [STRCALCUNIT]
          • Number from String [STRTONUM]
      • Documentation
        • Fills
          • Full Set of Project Fills
          • Defining Fill Availability in Pop-Ups
          • Fill Categories
          • Assign a Cut Fill
          • Assign a Cover Fill
          • Draw a Drafting Fill
          • Add Area Text to a Fill
          • Fill Display Mode: Vectorial vs. Bitmap
          • Edit Vectorial Fill Pattern
          • Scale of Fills
          • Display of Vectorial Fill
          • Set Orientation of Vectorial or Symbol Fill Patterns
          • Create New Solid Fill
          • Create Symbol Fill
          • Using Gradient Fills
          • Create or Edit Image Fill
        • Drafting
          • Lines
            • Line Categories
            • Drawing a Single Straight Line Segment
            • Stretching or Shrinking Lines
            • Drawing Arcs and Full Circles
            • Stretching Curves
            • Editing an Arc Using its Tangent
            • Drawing Elliptical Arcs and Full Ellipses
            • Convert Ellipse to Circle
            • Drawing Splines
            • Editing Splines
            • Drawing Freehand Curves
            • Drawing Polylines and Chained Lines
            • Editing Polylines
          • Hotspots
          • Figures
          • Drawings in Model Views
        • Annotation
          • Dimensioning
            • Dimensioning Standards
            • Glossary of Dimensioning Terms
            • Static Dimensions
            • Linear Dimensions
            • Dimension Wall or Slab Thickness
            • Linear Dimension Geometry Methods
            • Linear Dimensions in the 3D Document Window
            • Elevation Dimensions
            • Radial Dimensions
            • Level Dimensions
            • Angle Dimensions
            • Edit Dimensions
            • Modify the Witness Line
            • Edit Text Box
            • Pointer Line
            • Automatic Exterior Dimensioning
            • Automatic Interior Dimensioning
            • Secondary Dimensions (Add-On)
          • The Grid Tool
            • Components of a Grid Element
            • Visibility of a Grid Element
            • Creating a Straight Grid Element
            • Creating a Curved Grid Element
            • Editing a Grid Element
            • Editing Grids in Teamwork
            • Place a Grid System
          • Text Blocks
            • Placing Text Blocks
            • Formatting Text Blocks As a Whole
            • Resizing Text Graphically
            • Applying Favorite Text Settings
            • Formatting Individual Components of Text Blocks
          • Autotext
            • How to Insert Autotext
            • Autotext Reference Drawing
            • Autotext Keywords
          • Labels
            • Place an Associative Label
            • Text/Autotext Label Content
            • Symbol Labels for Element Information
            • Custom Settings for Symbol Labels
            • Label Multiple Selected Elements
            • Labeling Curtain Walls
            • Labeling Stairs
            • Place an Independent Label
            • Search for Elements by Label Text
            • Find and Select Text Blocks/Labels
          • Text Editing in ARCHICAD
            • Search and Replace Text
            • Spell Checker
            • Editing Commands in Text-Type Windows
        • The Layout Book
          • Drawings in the Layout Book
            • Placing Drawings Onto the Layout
            • Arranging Multiple Drawings on the Layout
            • Drawing Frame
            • Importing PDF Files As Drawings
            • Drawing Titles
            • Managing and Updating Placed Drawings
          • Work Environment for the Layout Phase
            • Working with Layouts
            • Master Layouts
            • Subsets
          • Layout Workflow Schemes
            • Layout Workflow: Smaller Projects
            • Layout Workflow: Larger Projects
          • Layout and Drawing IDs
        • Revision Management
          • Working with Changes
            • Change Manager Palette
            • Create Change
            • Link/Unlink Change Elements
            • Add/Remove Changes on Layout Revisions
            • Change Details
            • Archive Changes in Change Manager
          • Revision Management Workflow
          • Revision Management: Default Schemes in the Template
          • Feedback on Layout Revisions
          • Revision History Data on Layout and in Layout Settings
          • Revision IDs
          • Managing Transmittal Sets
          • Change List and Transmittal History
          • Revisions in the Publisher
          • Changes from External Files
        • Publishing
          • Publisher Function
            • Defining Publisher Output Format
            • Publishing Process
          • Print
          • Plot
        • ID Management
          • Element ID Manager
        • Element Information
        • Calculation (Legacy)
      • Introduction to BIMcloud
        • Key Features of BIMcloud
        • BIMcloud vs. BIMcloud Basic: Feature Differences
      • Structural Analysis Format
        • Optimizing SAF Translators
          • Download SAF Data Files Optimized for Structural Applications
          • Prepare and Export a SAF Data File to Ensure Standard Mapping
        • SAF Translator for Export: Settings
          • Material Mapping (Export to SAF)
            • Map ARCHICAD Building Material (By Name)
              • Use Element Property for More Precise Material Mapping
              • Add More SAF Materials to Mapping List (Export to SAF)
          • Profile Mapping (Export to SAF)
            • Map Complex Profiles (By Name)
              • Add More SAF Cross Sections to Mapping List (Export to SAF)
            • Default Mapping for Exported Cross Sections
          • Local Coordinate System (Export to SAF)
          • Segmentation Settings (Export to SAF)
        • SAF Translator for Import: Settings
          • Profile Mapping (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Map SAF Cross Sections By Name
              • Add More SAF Cross Sections (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Create Profiles for Unmapped Manufactured Cross Sections (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Mapping Imported “General” or “Parametric” SAF Cross Sections
            • Parametric SAF Cross Sections Recognized by ARCHICAD
            • Default Mapping for “Other” Cross Sections (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
          • Material Mapping (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Additional Material Mapping: By Element Property Value
            • Add More SAF Materials (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
          • Miscellaneous Settings (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
        • Export SAF File from ARCHICAD
        • Import SAF File to ARCHICAD
        • Import/Export Translator Settings
      • Model Compare
        • Compare Teamwork Model Versions (Before and After Receiving Changes)
        • Compare Two Saved Versions of Current Model
        • Compare Two Views of a Single Project
        • Compare ARCHICAD Models Before and After Hotlink Update
        • Compare Two Structural Analytical Models
        • Select View for Compare
        • Filter Changes Shown in Model Compare Palette
        • Model Compare: Review the Changes
        • Workspace Colors for Model Compare
      • Issue Handling
        • Add Selected Elements to New Issue
        • Show Containing Issue
        • Add Views to Issue
        • Issue Manager
        • Suggestion Elements in Issue Manager (Highlight, New, Modify, Delete)
        • Assign Issue to User
        • Accept Issue Element(s)
        • Issue Management Workflow: Example
        • Issue Organizer
        • Issue Details
        • Create Issue from Model Check Report
        • Create Issue from Model Compare Change List
        • Import Issues (BCF format)
        • Export Issues (BCF format)
        • Export/Import Issues Using PDF Markup
      • Change Tracking in Teamwork
        • Create New Subscription
          • Subscribe to Changed Elements - by Criteria
          • Subscribe to Changed Elements - by Selection
          • Subscribe to Changes in Project Data
          • Filter Element Changes by Parameter Type
          • Filter Change Notifications by Teams and Users
        • View and Manage Tracked Changes
        • Manage Subscriptions
      • MEP Modeler
        • MEP Routing
          • Define Settings in Routing Palette
          • Routing Options
          • Routing Process
          • Vary Elevations During Routing
          • MEP Routing With the Magic Wand
        • MEP Work Environment
        • Place Individual MEP Elements
        • Insert MEP Junction Elements
        • MEP-Compatible Library Parts
        • MEP Connection Ports
        • MEP Systems
        • MEP Preferences
        • MEP Element Settings
        • Graphical Editing of MEP Elements
        • Resize MEP Elements (Command)
        • Select Connected MEP Elements (Command)
        • Edit MEP Selection Set (Command)
        • Create Custom MEP Part
      • Visualization
        • Visualization Extras
          • Fly-Through
          • Sun Study
          • Align View
        • PhotoRendering
          • PhotoRendering Settings Palette
          • Cineware Basic Settings
          • Create Rendered Image
        • GRAPHISOFT BIMx
          • Create BIMx Hyper-Model
            • Create BIMx Hyper-Model from Publisher
            • Create BIMx Hyper-Model Using a Wizard
            • Republish Hyper-model
          • BIMx: Notes on Model Data, Size, Textures and Shadows
        • Cameras
      • Energy Evaluation
        • Energy Evaluation Workflow: Overview
          • General Settings for Energy Evaluation
        • Energy Evaluation: Direct BIM to BEM
          • Internal Space Zones for Energy Evaluation
          • Building Energy Model View
          • Automatic Model Geometry and Material Property Analysis in Energy Evaluation
        • Energy Model Review Palette
          • List and Tree Tab Page View Options
          • Thermal Blocks Tab Page
          • Structures Tab Page
          • Openings Tab Page
          • Building Energy Model Visualization
        • Additional Data Assignment and Input
          • Thermal Block Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Structure Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Opening Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Climate Data (Energy Evaluation)
          • Environment Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Operation Profiles (Energy Evaluation)
          • Building Systems (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Source Factors (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Costs (Energy Evaluation)
        • Energy Performance Evaluation
          • Start Energy Simulation (Energy Evaluation)
          • Interoperability with Green Software (Energy Evaluation)
          • Advisory Messages (Energy Evaluation)
          • VIP-Core Dynamic Simulation Engine (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Evaluation Report Dialog
          • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - PDF Report
          • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - XLS Report
      • Interoperability
        • File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
          • CAD Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • Image Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • Model/3D Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • Other Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
        • File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
          • CAD Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Image Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Model/3D Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Document and Other Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
        • Working with PDF Documents
          • Create PDF Output Using the Publisher
            • PDF Options
          • Save Document in PDF Format
          • 3D Content in PDF
        • Working with DWG/DXF Files
          • Opening DWG/DXF Files
          • Saving DWG/DXF Files
          • Merge a DXF/DWG File
        • Working with XREFs
          • Attributes of XREF Files
          • Using XREFs in Round-Trip Communication
        • Working with Point Clouds
          • Import Point Clouds
          • Trace Point Cloud to Create Model Elements
          • Optimize Display of Point Cloud Object
          • Redefine Origin of Point Cloud Object
          • Place Point Cloud Object in Teamwork Project
        • Working With Rhino 3D Models
          • Open or Merge Rhino Model
          • Import Rhino 3DM File as Object
          • Hotlink Rhino File
          • Export Model to Rhino
        • Interoperability with MEP Applications
          • Export ARCHICAD Files to MEP Software
          • Import MEP Data to ARCHICAD
        • Interoperability with Energy Analysis
          • Integrated Energy Evaluation
          • Export Files from ARCHICAD to Energy Analysis Software
          • Import Energy Analysis Results Into ARCHICAD
        • Merging Files to ARCHICAD
        • Import/Export Property Data via Spreadsheet
        • Import BIM Content
        • Export to Artlantis
      • Working with IFC
        • Appendix: IFC Data Mapping in ARCHICAD
          • Predefined Property Mapping (Export ARCHICAD to IFC)
          • Built-in IFC Type Mapping for ARCHICAD
          • Data Types for Properties in IFC and ARCHICAD
        • IFC Project Manager
          • Functions of the IFC Project Manager
          • Navigating in the IFC Project Manager: Tree Structure
          • Navigating in IFC Project Manager: Attributes and Properties
          • Assign or Edit IFC Property/Attribute Values
          • Create New, Custom IFC Property
          • Create New Classification Reference
          • Apply Predefined Rules
          • Using Assignments in IFC Project Manager
          • Using Type Products in IFC Project Manager
        • Appendix: IFC Terms and Concepts
          • Model View Definitions
          • IFC Data Types
        • Translators for Export (Detailed Settings)
          • Model Filter for IFC Export
          • Type Mapping for IFC Export
          • How to Fix Error Warnings in the Type Mapping Dialog
          • Geometry Conversion for IFC Export
          • Property Mapping for IFC Export
          • How to create a Mapping Rule
          • Examples of Property Mapping Rules
          • Data Conversion for IFC Export
          • Unit Conversion for IFC Export
        • Translators for Import (Detailed Settings)
          • Property Mapping for IFC Import
            • Using the Mapping Table
            • Assigning Property Values in ARCHICAD (Based on IFC Property Mapping)
          • Model Filter for IFC Import
          • Type Mapping for IFC Import
          • Geometry Conversion for IFC Import
          • Layer Conversion for IFC Import
          • Material and Surface Conversion
        • IFC File Types Supported by ARCHICAD
        • ARCHICAD Classifications and Categories in IFC
        • Export IFC Model from ARCHICAD
        • Import IFC Model to ARCHICAD
        • Open IFC Model
        • Merge IFC Project
        • Hotlink IFC File
        • Update with IFC Model
        • Manage IFC Data at Element Level
        • IFC Local Preferences
        • Define Element Criteria using IFC Data
        • IFC Translators: Overview
        • Filter Model at Import (Secondary Filter)
        • Filter Model at Export
      • User Interface Reference
        • Controls
          • Action Center
          • Project Chooser
          • The 2D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
          • The 3D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
          • Control Box
          • Coordinates Palette
          • Search and Replace Text Dialog Box
          • Formatting Palette and Text Editor Controls
          • Renovation Palette
          • Teamwork Palette
          • Project Info
          • Project Notes
          • Project Preview
          • Architect Credits in BIMx
          • Session Report Window
          • Solid Element Operations Palette
          • Classic 3D Navigation Toolbar
        • Dialog Boxes
          • Detailed Cineware Settings
            • Cineware Effects
              • Ambient Occlusion (Cineware Effect)
              • Caustics (Cineware Effect)
              • Cel Renderer (Cineware Effect)
              • Color Mapping (Cineware Effect)
              • Color Correction (Cineware Effect)
              • Depth of Field (Cineware Effect)
              • Lens and Filters (Cineware Effect)
              • Distance Fog (Cineware Effect)
              • Monochrome Model (Cineware Effect)
              • Tone Mapping (Cineware Effect)
              • Vignetting (Cineware Effect)
            • Global Illumination (Cineware)
              • Preset (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Primary and Secondary Method (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Sampling (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Radiosity Maps (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • How Does QMC Work?
              • Irradiance Cache (Global Illumination)
              • Irradiance Cache (Legacy) (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Details (Cineware Global Illumination)
            • Physical Renderer (Cineware)
              • Physical Camera
              • Physical Renderer Options
              • Physical Renderer Advanced
            • General Considerations When Using Detailed Settings
            • Navigating in the PhotoRendering Settings Palette
            • List of Detailed Cineware Settings
            • Light Adjustments (Cineware)
            • Shadow Casting (Cineware)
            • Environment: Physical Sky (Cineware)
            • Environment: HDRI Sky (Cineware)
            • General Options (Cineware)
            • Antialiasing (Cineware)
            • Grass (PhotoRendering Option)
            • Spherical Camera (Cineware)
            • Stereo Rendering (Cineware)
          • Work Environment Dialog Box
            • Work Environment Schemes
            • Work Environment Profiles
            • Dialog Boxes and Palettes
            • Selection and Element Information
            • Tracker and Coordinate Input
            • Input Constraints and Guides Dialog Box
            • Model Rebuild Options
            • Publisher
            • More Options
            • Advanced Redraw Options
            • On-Screen Options
            • Data Safety & Integrity
            • Network And Update
            • Special Folders
            • Shortcut Customization Dialog Box
            • Toolbox Customization Dialog Box
            • Tool Settings Dialog Box Customization
            • Info Box Customization Dialog Box
            • Toolbar Customization Dialog Box
            • Menu Customization Dialog Box
          • Surfaces (Cineware)
            • Textures (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Special Settings for Image Textures (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Mix Mode and Mix Strength (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Shaders List (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Procedural Shaders (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Shader Effects (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Sketch Shaders (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Additional Effects for Shader Layers/Folders (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Using Layers to Combine Shaders (Cineware Surfaces)
            • Cineware Surface Channels
            • Color (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Diffusion (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Luminance (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Transparency (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Reflectance (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Environment (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Fog (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Bump (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Normal (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Alpha (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Glow (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Displacement (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Grass (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Illumination (Cineware Surface Channel)
          • Merge DXF-DWG
            • Merge DXF-DWG Model Space Dialog Box
            • Import Options for Elements on Paper Space
            • Smart Merge Options
          • DXF/DWG Translation Setup
            • Drawing Unit (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Open Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Save Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Attributes (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Layers (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Pens & Colors (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Line Types (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Fills (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Font-Style Conversion (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Miscellaneous (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Custom Functions (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
          • XREF Management Dialog Box
            • Attach XREF Options
          • Print Interactive Schedule
            • Header/Footer Settings
          • GDL (Geometric Description Language)
            • GDL Object Editor
            • Text Editing Commands in GDL Script Windows
            • Subtype Hierarchy Dialog Box (GDL Master Window)
          • 3D Projection Settings
            • Parallel Projection Settings
            • Perspective Projection Settings
          • Surfaces Dialog Box
            • Create, Load and Share Surfaces (All Engines)
            • Match Settings with Cineware Surfaces
            • Surface Exposure to Light Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Surface Vectorial Hatching Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Surface Texture Panel (Basic Engine)
          • Project Preferences Dialog Boxes
            • Dimensions Preferences
            • Calculation Units and Rules Preferences
            • Zones Preferences
            • Reference Levels Preferences
            • Legacy Preferences
            • Structural Analytical Model Representation (Preferences)
            • Structural Analytical Model Units
          • ARCHICAD License Not Found
          • Layer Settings Dialog Box
          • Lines Dialog Box
          • Building Materials Dialog Box
          • Composite Structures Dialog Box
          • Pens & Color Dialog Box
          • Add-On Manager
          • Story Settings Dialog Box
          • Edit Elements by Stories Dialog Box
          • Floor Plan Cut Plane Settings Dialog Box
          • Copy Dialog Box
          • Linework Consolidation Settings
          • Fill Consolidation Settings
          • Model View Options for Construction Elements
          • Detail Level of Door, Window and Skylight Symbols
          • Miscellaneous Settings for Library Parts
          • 3D Document Settings
          • Filter and Cut Elements in 3D Dialog Box
          • 3D Styles
          • Open GL Options
          • Sunlight Settings
          • RoofMaker Settings
          • TrussMaker Settings
          • Grid System Settings
          • Scheme Settings Dialog Box (Interactive Schedule)
          • Index Settings Dialog Box
          • View Settings Dialog Box
          • Book Settings Dialog Box
          • Subset Settings Dialog Box
          • Layout Settings
          • Import Views from ARCHICAD Project
          • Master Layout Settings
          • Drawing Manager
          • Paste Options Dialog Box
          • Print 2D Document
          • Print 3D Document
          • Print Picture
          • Print Layout
          • Plot Setup
          • Plot 2D Document
          • Plot Layout
          • PhotoRendering Settings
          • Basic Rendering Engine
          • Sketch Rendering Engine
        • Tool Settings Dialog Boxes
          • Custom Settings Panel for a Door/Window
            • Nominal Sizes and Tolerance
            • Shape
            • Door/Window Settings and Opening
            • Frame Style and Dimensions (for Door)
            • Natural Ventilation
            • Door Leaf Type
            • Handle and Kick Board (for Door)
            • Leaf and Sash Dimension (for Door)
            • Sash Type/Sash Options (Door or Window)
            • Frame and Sash (for Windows)
            • Frame Widths (for Windows)
            • Opening Type and Angle (Door/Window)
            • Opening Lines (Door/Window)
            • Opening Lines - Sidelight and Transom
            • Model Attributes of Door/Window Opening
            • Wall Opening
            • Reveal Settings
            • Wall Closure
            • Wall Inset (for Windows)
            • Masonry Arch
            • Tolerances
            • Model Attributes of Wall Opening
            • Fixtures and Fittings
            • Threshold Settings
            • Sill Settings
            • Board Settings
            • Casing Outside/Inside Settings
            • Sunshade Settings
            • Model Attributes of Fixtures and Fittings
            • Floor Plan and Section Tab Page (Door/Window Settings)
            • Minimal Space
            • Custom Corner (for Windows)
          • Object Tool Settings
            • Panels of the Object Settings Dialog Box
          • Dimension Tool Settings
            • Linear Dimension Tool Settings
          • Door/Window Tool Settings
            • Door/Window Preview and Positioning Panel
            • Where to Set Door/Window Parameters
            • Floor Plan Display of Door/Window: Symbolic vs. Projected
          • Special Lamp Parameters
            • Basic Light Parameters
            • General Light Sources and Effects
          • Working in Tool Settings Dialog Boxes
          • Wall Tool Settings
          • Roof Tool Settings
          • Shell Tool Settings
          • Slab Tool Settings
          • Mesh Tool Settings
          • Zone Tool Settings
          • Morph Tool Settings
          • Settings of Library Part Elements
          • Other Panels in Door/Window Settings
          • Skylight Tool Settings
          • Dimension Text Settings
          • Convert Dimensions Dialog Box (Add-On)
          • Text Tool Settings
          • Text Style Panel
          • Label Tool Settings
          • Drawing Settings
          • Fill Tool Settings
          • Line Tool Settings
          • Arc/Circle Tool Settings
          • Polyline Tool Settings
          • Section and Elevation Settings
          • Interior Elevation (IE) Tool Settings
          • Worksheet and Detail Tool Settings
          • Change Tool Settings
          • Grid Tool Settings
          • Wall End Tool Settings
          • Spline Tool Settings
          • Hotspot Tool Settings
          • Figure Tool Settings
          • Camera Tool Settings
      • Extra Topics
        • Bluebeam Connection
      • PARAM-O Reference Guide
        • PARAM-O Node Documentation
          • Parameters
            • Dimension 1
            • Dimension 2
            • Height
          • Shapes
            • Block
            • Cylinder
            • Cone
            • Sphere
            • Ellipsoid
            • Elbow
            • Wedge
            • Regular Prism
            • Profile Extrude
          • Inputs
            • Boolean
            • Integer
            • Number
            • Length
            • Angle
            • Random Number
            • Global Value
          • List Inputs
            • Integer Series
            • Number Series
            • Random Series
            • Number Distribution
          • Attribute Inputs
            • Pen
            • Surface
            • Profile
          • Point Inputs
            • Point
            • Vector
            • Deconstruct Point
            • Deconstruct Vector
            • Line Points
            • Grid Points
            • Arc Points
          • Transformations
            • Move
            • Move By Vector
            • Rotation X
            • Rotation Y
            • Rotation Z
            • Scale
            • Combination
          • Shape Transformations
            • Transform Shape
            • Move Shape
            • Move Shape By Vector
            • Rotate Shape X
            • Rotate Shape Y
            • Rotate Shape Z
            • Scale Shape
          • Maths
            • Addition
            • Subtraction
            • Multiplication
            • Division
            • Lower
            • Lower Or Equal
            • Greater
            • Greater Or Equal
            • Equal
            • Not Equal
            • Expression
            • Abs
            • Floor
            • Ceil
            • Sqrt
            • Negative
            • Min
            • Max
          • Trigonometry
            • Sine
            • Cosine
            • Tangent
            • Arc Sine
            • Arc Cosine
            • Arc Tangent
          • Solid Operations
            • Union
            • Difference
            • Intersection
          • Extras
            • GDL Object
            • GDL Shape
            • Viewer
        • Installation and Update
        • Getting Started
        • PARAM-O Manager
        • PARAM-O Editor
        • Creating an Object
        • Making an Object Parametric
      • Collaboration
        • Hotlink Modules
          • About Hotlink Modules
          • Place Hotlink
          • Edit Hotlink Module Content
          • Hotlink Settings
          • Hotlink Module Manager
          • Create Module (.mod) File
          • Save Selection in PLN Format
        • Teamwork
          • External Files Linked to Teamwork Project
            • Hotlink Modules and XREFs in Teamwork
            • External Drawings in Teamwork
          • Teamwork Setup/Preparation
            • Share a Teamwork Project in ARCHICAD
            • Libraries Setup for Teamwork Project Sharing
          • Messaging (Teamwork)
            • Create a New Message (Teamwork)
            • Receive and Open Message (Teamwork)
            • Review Elements (Teamwork)
          • Reserving Teamwork Project Data (Non-Elements)
            • Feedback on Ownership of Teamwork Project Data
            • Reservation in Attribute Manager: Reserve All Attributes (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Individual Views and View Map Folders
            • Reserve Settings of Layout Book Items (Teamwork)
            • Moving Views and Layouts in the Navigator: Reservation Requirements (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Publisher Sets (Teamwork)
            • Reserve and Delete Layers (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Find and Select Criteria (Teamwork)
            • Reservation in Interactive Schedules (Teamwork)
            • Reserve List Scheme Dialog Boxes (Teamwork)
          • Reserving Elements in Teamwork
            • Overview of Teamwork Reservation
            • Reserve Elements by Selection (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Elements by Criteria (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Library Objects (Teamwork)
            • Feedback on Element Ownership (Teamwork)
            • Reservation Results (Teamwork)
          • Remote Access to Teamwork Projects
            • Working from Home and the Office: Suggested Workflow for a Teamwork Project
            • Travel Pack: Move Your Teamwork Project and Libraries to a Different Computer
            • Avoid Conflicting Work Sessions in Teamwork Projects
          • Manage Local Teamwork Data
            • Move Local Teamwork Data to a Different Computer
            • Delete Local Teamwork Data
            • Schedule Teamwork Data Cleanup Reminder
          • Teamwork Functions at a Glance
          • GRAPHISOFT BIMcloud: Features and Benefits
          • Network Diagnostic Information (BIMcloud)
          • Open or Join Teamwork Project
          • Close Teamwork Project
          • Save Local Copy of Teamwork Project
          • Force User to Leave a Teamwork Project
          • Join or Leave a Teamwork Project
          • Send/Receive Changes in Teamwork
          • Working Online/Offline in Teamwork
          • Teamwork Interface
          • Reserve All Elements and Data (Teamwork)
          • Review Your Workspace (Teamwork)
          • Creating and Sending Project Data (Teamwork)
          • Assign Elements (Teamwork)
          • Request Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
          • Release Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
          • Add Comment to Activities (Teamwork)
          • Libraries in Teamwork
        • Collision Detection
      • Getting Help on BIMcloud
      • Getting Help on ARCHICAD 24
      • License & Trademark Information
    • Archicad 25
      • Network Installation for BIM Managers
        • Command Line Parameters (Custom Install)
        • Option File (Custom Install)
        • Installer Log Files and Error Codes
        • Unattended Uninstall
        • Third-Party Prerequisites
        • Customized Company Defaults for Unattended Installation (ARCHICAD Only)
      • Install Guide for ARCHICAD 25
        • Install ARCHICAD
        • Mac OS 10.15: Enable Full Disk Access
        • Your ARCHICAD License Key
        • Add/Repair ARCHICAD
        • Updates for ARCHICAD
        • ARCHICAD Tools and Utilities
        • Uninstall ARCHICAD
        • Using a CodeMeter Server
      • New Features in ARCHICAD 25
        • Configure
          • Authenticate Your ARCHICAD
        • Design
          • New Commands for Better 2D-3D Navigation
          • Expanded Design Freedom with Polygonal Openings
          • Stair Improvements
          • PARAM-O Improvements
        • Analyze
          • Structural Analytical Model Refinements
            • Load Handling in Structural Analytical Model
            • Create Structural Supports - Streamlined Input
            • Custom Alignment of Replacement Profile
            • New Offset Adjustments
            • Connection Range Improvements
            • Automatic Export Mapping of Manufactured Profiles (Structural Analysis Format)
            • Support for All Released SAF Versions
        • Collaborate
          • Native Survey Point
          • RFA and RVT Exchange: Native to ARCHICAD
        • Document
          • Component Schedules: New Gross Properties and Conditional Calculation Rules
          • Graphic Override Improvements
          • New MEP Label
        • Visualize
          • Surface Textures on Section/Elevation/Int. Elevation Viewpoints
          • Surface-Based Fills
          • Library Enhancements
        • Additional Improvements
      • Migrating to ARCHICAD 25
        • Migration Topics: Migrating from Versions 18-24
          • Migrating Libraries to ARCHICAD 25
          • Migrating a Teamwork Project (v. 13-24) to ARCHICAD 25
        • Migrating from Older Versions (ARCHICAD 8.1 through 17)
          • Migration of Rendering/Surface Settings to Cineware
          • Migration of Lights and Lamp Settings
          • Images from QuickTime Formats
          • Element Display in Interior Elevations
          • Building Materials: Collision Detection Setting
          • Building Materials: Attribute Migration Issues
          • Migrating EcoDesigner or Energy Evaluation Data
          • Priority-Based Element Intersections
          • Display of Transparent Elements
          • Walls, Zones, Columns: Toplink Option
          • Core-Based Reference Plane for Slab
          • Core-Based Wall Reference Line
          • Changed Renovation Features
          • Migrating Roofs and Skylights
          • VR Scenes and VR Objects No Longer Supported
          • Migration of Exported Options Files (.xml, .aat, .prf)
          • Find & Select Criteria Sets
          • Open Older (pre-13) Teamwork Files in ARCHICAD 25
          • Migrating Libraries and Objects from ARCHICAD 12 and Earlier
          • “Automatic” Home Story Setting Eliminated
          • Doors and Windows in Partial Structure Display
          • Lost IFC Data
          • Section/Elevation Marker Display
          • DXF/DWG Translator Changes in Converting ARCHICAD Fills
          • Migrate Projects Containing Hotlinks
          • Migrating PlotMaker Layout Books to ARCHICAD 25
      • Configuration
        • Favorites
          • Apply a Favorite
          • Search Favorites
          • Create New Favorite
          • Redefine Favorite
          • Edit Settings of One or More Favorites
          • Missing Content in Favorite
          • Favorites Palette
          • Import/Export Favorites
        • Work Environment
          • Tab Bar
            • Transfer Settings Among Tabs
          • Default Work Environment Profiles
          • Arranging Palettes, Toolbars and Windows
          • Set Window Background and Grid Line Color
          • Quick Options Bar
          • Toolbox
          • Info Box
          • Menus
          • Toolbars
          • Shortcuts
          • Palettes
          • Pet Palettes
        • Libraries
          • Embedded Library
            • Add Objects to Embedded Library
            • Manage Embedded Objects
          • BIMcloud Libraries
            • Add BIMcloud Library
            • Manage BIMcloud Libraries
          • Library Manager
          • Linked Libraries
          • Remove Library from Project
          • Recommendations for Using Libraries
          • Troubleshooting Library Issues
          • Library Container File
        • Attributes
          • Layers
            • About Layers
            • Quick Layers
            • Layer Combinations
            • Use Layers to Prevent Intersections
            • Use Separate Layer Settings for the Layout Book
            • Place All Elements on a Single “Active Layer” (Simulate AutoCAD Work Methods)
          • Pen Sets
            • Apply a Pen Set
            • Redefine a Pen Set
          • Surfaces
            • About Surfaces
            • Override Surfaces With Surface Painter
            • Surface Painter Palette
            • Override Surfaces in Element Settings
            • Align 3D Texture
            • Default Texture Alignments/Reset Texture
            • Display of Surfaces in Renderings
          • Attribute Manager
            • Attribute Manager: Editable Attribute Parameters
              • Layer Combinations and Layers (Attribute Manager)
              • Pen Sets and Pens (Attribute Manager)
              • Lines (Attribute Manager)
              • Fills (Attribute Manager)
              • Surfaces (Attribute Manager)
              • Building Materials (Attribute Manager)
              • Composites (Attribute Manager)
              • Profiles (Attribute Manager)
              • Zone Categories (Attribute Manager)
              • Cities (Attribute Manager)
              • MEP Systems (Attribute Manager)
              • Operation Profiles (Attribute Manager)
            • Attribute Management Commands
            • Revert Changes in Attribute Manager
          • Missing Attributes
            • Find and Select Elements with Missing Attributes
          • Lines
          • Fills
          • Building Materials
          • Composite Structures
          • Custom Attributes of GDL Objects
          • Delete and Replace Attributes in a Model
        • Start ARCHICAD
        • Create New Project
        • Open Recent Project(s)
        • Browse for a Project
        • Open & Repair Selected File
        • Opening Legacy or Archive Projects: Manage Library Parts
        • Close Project
        • Save ARCHICAD Project
        • File Compression
        • Sign In with GRAPHISOFT ID
        • ARCHICAD License Types
        • Resolving Issues with Serial Numbers
        • Bug Reporter
        • Template Files
        • Backup Files
        • Archive Projects
        • ARCHICAD User Feedback - Net Promoter Score Survey
        • Create Support Package (Troubleshooting)
        • License Information
        • Opening Projects through a Network
        • Add-Ons and Goodies
        • Working Units
        • Location Settings
        • Survey Point
        • Project Preferences
        • Scale
      • Interaction
        • Navigation
          • Pop-up Navigator
            • Navigator Project Map
            • Navigator View Map
          • Navigation in the 3D Window
            • Accessing 3D Navigation Commands
            • Explore Model (3D Navigation)
            • Orbit (3D Navigation)
            • Navigator Preview (3D)
            • 3D Connexion Enabler
          • Organizer Palette
            • Clone a Folder in the View Map
            • Navigator Layout Book
            • Navigator Publisher
            • Access Views/Layouts from External ARCHICAD Project
          • How to Navigate Among ARCHICAD Views
          • Zoom
          • Fit in Window
          • Set Orientation
          • Navigator Preview (2D)
          • Navigator Palette
        • Origins
          • Elevation Values in the Tracker
        • Selection
          • Selecting Elements
            • Quick Selection of Surface Areas
            • Select Multiple Elements With Selection Polygon
          • Selection Feedback
            • Selection Highlight and Element Information Highlight
          • Marquee Area
            • Marquee Area Definition
            • Save Marquee Area as PDF or DWG
            • Copy/Paste Marquee Area from Project Window
            • Other Editing Operations within the Marquee
          • Element Information Pop-up (Info Tags)
          • Find and Select Elements
          • Define Element Criteria
          • Predefined Criteria Sets
          • Edit Selection Set
          • Store Selection Sets in Selections Palette
        • On-Screen Input Aids
          • Relative Construction Methods
            • Parallel and Perpendicular Constraints
            • Angle Bisector Constraint
            • Offset and Multiple Offset Constraints (Relative Construction Methods)
            • Aligning Elements to a Surface in 3D
          • Tracker
            • Element Input Using Tracker Coordinates
          • Magic Wand
            • Magic Wand Settings
          • Editing Plane in 3D Window
            • Editing Plane Display
            • Reposition Editing Plane
          • Snap Points
            • Snap Points on Temporary Vector
          • The Intelligent Cursor
          • Ruler
          • Measure Tool
          • Set up Construction Grid
          • Set up Snap Grid
          • Snap to Grid
          • Snap Guides
          • Guide Lines
          • Gravity
          • Mouse Constraints
          • Coordinate Constraints
          • Snapping to Existing Elements
          • Cursor Snap Range
        • Editing Elements
          • Move Elements
            • Nudging Elements
            • Dragging Elements
            • Rotating Elements
            • Mirroring Elements
            • Elevating Elements
          • Distribute Elements
            • Special Distribute
          • Modify Element Sizes
            • Reshaping Polygons and Chained Elements
            • Stretching with the Marquee Tool
            • Stretch Height
            • Resize (Enlarge or Reduce) Elements
            • Splitting Elements
            • Adjusting Elements
            • Adjust Elements to Slabs
            • Create a Fillet or Chamfer
            • Trim Elements Using Scissors
            • Adding Element Nodes
            • Move Nodes
            • Curve/Straighten Element Edge
          • Duplicate Elements
            • Drag, Rotate, Mirror Element Copies
            • Multiply Elements
          • Basic Editing Operations
          • Cancel Operations (ESC Key, Backspace)
          • Offset All Edges
          • Intersect Two Elements
          • Align Elements
          • Explode into Current View
          • Drag & Drop
          • Parameter Transfer
          • Element Transfer Settings
          • Group Elements
          • Lock/Unlock Elements
          • Display Order
        • Virtual Trace: Using References to Edit and Compare Model Views and Drawings
          • Choose a Trace Reference
          • Show/Hide Trace Reference
          • Move/Rotate/Reset Reference
          • Switch Reference with Active: Access Elements within the Reference for Editing or Copying
          • Activate Reference
          • Rebuild Trace Reference
          • Compare Reference with Active
        • Consolidate Lines and Fills in Drawing Windows
      • Elements of the Virtual Building
        • Construction Elements
          • Walls
            • Wall Reference Line
            • Create a Straight Wall
            • Create a Curved Wall
            • Create a Chain of Walls
            • Create a Rectangle of Walls
            • Create a Trapezoid Wall
            • Create a Polygon Wall (PolyWall)
            • Stretching Walls
            • Create a Slanted or Double-Slanted Wall
            • Modify Slanted Wall
            • Create a Log Wall
            • Walls and Other Elements
            • Modify Wall Reference Line
            • Invert Wall Direction
          • Place a Construction Element in ARCHICAD
            • Home Story
            • Define Top Link for Wall, Column, Zone or Stair
          • Columns
            • Place a Column
            • Create a Slanted Column
            • Create a Multi-Segment Column
            • Delete Column Segment or Beam Segment
            • Define Column/Segment Structure
            • Rotate Join Angle
            • Tapered Column or Segment
            • Editing Columns
            • Edit Mode for Multi-Segment Columns
            • Core and Veneer
            • Columns and Other Elements
            • Column Tool Settings: Preview and Positioning
            • Column End Cuts and Reference Axis
            • Column Model Display
            • Column Display on Floor Plan and Section
          • Beams
            • Place a Beam
            • Create a Slanted Beam
            • Curve a Beam Vertically
            • Create a Multi-Segment Beam
            • Define Beam/Segment Structure
            • Define Join Geometry
            • Tapered Beam or Segment
            • Editing Beams
            • Create a Hole in a Beam
            • Selecting and Modifying Beam Holes
            • Beams and Other Elements
            • Beam Tool Settings: Preview and Positioning
            • Beam End Cuts
            • Beam Reference Axis
            • Beam Model Display
            • Beam Display on Floor Plan and Section
            • Rotating Beam and Columns
          • Complex Profiles
            • Offset Modifiers
              • Create New Offset Modifier
              • Edit Offset Modifier
              • Offset Modifiers: Tips and Tricks
            • Create Complex Profile from Parallel Elements
            • Use Standard Steel Column or Beam Profile
            • Profile Manager
            • Create or Edit Complex Profile
            • Apply Profile to Selected Element
            • Capture Selected Element for New Profile
            • Apply Custom Surface or Line to Profile Edge
            • Profile Origin in Profile Editor Window
            • Stretch Modifiers
          • Roofs
            • Examples of Multi-plane Roofs
              • Hip Roof
              • Complex Roof
              • Gable Roof
              • Pyramidal Roof
              • Mansard Roof
              • Gablet Roof
              • Gambrel Roof
              • Cross-Gable Roof
            • Editing Roofs
              • Graphical Editing of Roof Geometry
              • Modify the Roof Pitch
              • Add Roof Level
              • Edit Roof Levels
              • Edit Eaves or Gable Overhang
              • Edit Roof Contour
              • Edit Roof Ridge
              • Customize Roof Plane
              • Customize Edge of Roof or Roof Hole
              • Create a Hole in a Roof
              • Create an Atrium
              • Add a Tower to the Roof
              • Create Roof Level Lines
              • Intersect Single-plane Roofs
            • About Roofs
            • Create a Single-plane Roof on the Floor Plan
            • Create a Single-plane Roof in the 3D Window
            • Create a Multi-plane Roof
            • Crop Elements to Single-plane Roof
            • Create Special Roof Objects with RoofMaker
          • Trim Elements to Roof or Shell
            • Trim Multiple Selected Elements: Automatic Trim
              • Automatic Trim: Example 1
              • Automatic Trim: Example 2
            • Define Trimming Bodies
            • Trim Elements to Roof: Manual Trim
          • Merge Trimming Elements
            • Merge Elements: Roofs, Shells, Morphs
            • Managing Element Connections
          • Slabs
            • Slab Reference Plane
            • Creating Slabs
            • Placing Holes in Slabs
            • Set Custom Slab Edge Angle and Edge Surface
          • Shells
            • Extruded Shells
              • Simple Extruded Vault: Parallel to the Floor Plan
              • Simple Extruded Vault: Perpendicular to the Floor Plan
              • Extruded Shell with Freely Defined Profile
            • Revolved Shells
              • Revolved Shell: Simple Input
              • Revolved Shell with Freely Defined Profile
            • Ruled Shells
              • Ruled Vaulted Shell
            • Sample Workflows for Shell Creation
              • Extruded Shell: Wavy Canopy Roof
              • Revolved Shell: Arced Triangular Roof Complex
              • Revolved Shell: Define Contours in Section
              • Ruled Shell: Tennis Court Shell
              • Ruled Shell: Twisted Tower
            • Graphical Editing of Shells
              • Options for Editing Extruded Shells
              • Options for Editing Revolved Shells
              • Options for Editing Ruled Shells
            • About Shells
            • Create Hole in Shell
            • Edit Shell Hole
            • Define Shell Contour
            • Edit Shell Contour Polygon
            • Customize Edge of Shell or Edge of Shell Hole
          • Meshes
            • Create a Mesh
            • Edit Elevation of a Mesh Point
            • Add New Points to the Mesh
            • Create a Hole in the Mesh
            • Display of Meshes
          • Zones
            • Calculating Zone Area and Zone Volume
              • Relation to Zones
            • Creating Zones
            • Zone Categories
            • 2D Display of Zone Backgrounds
            • Zone Stamps
            • 3D Display of Zone Spaces
            • Crop Zone to Another Element
            • Updating Zones
          • Curtain Wall
            • Curtain Wall Input Methods
              • Create Curtain Wall on the Floor Plan
              • Draw Curtain Wall Boundary in the Section Window
              • Create a Curved Curtain Wall: Geometry Methods
              • Create Curtain Wall in the 3D Window
              • Curtain Wall Input Plane in 3D Window
              • Extrude Curtain Wall from a Slanted Input Plane
              • Positioning Curtain Wall in Section
            • Working with Curtain Walls: Overview
            • Curtain Wall Components
            • Curtain Wall Frames
            • Curtain Wall Frame Settings
            • Curtain Wall Panels
            • Place Door- or Window-Type Panel in Curtain Wall
            • Curtain Wall Panel Settings
            • Curtain Wall Scheme Settings
            • Set up Grid Pattern in Scheme Settings
            • Create Grid Pattern Graphically
            • Model View Options for Curtain Walls
            • Curtain Wall Edit Mode
            • Edit Grid and Grid Lines in Edit Mode
            • Graphical Editing of Curtain Wall
            • Add Additional Curtain Wall Boundary
            • Curtain Wall Junctions
            • Curtain Wall Accessories
            • Curtain Wall System Settings
            • Curtain Walls and Other Elements
          • Stairs
            • Flight and Landing Structures
              • Monolithic Flight and Landing Structures
              • Beam Flight Structure
              • Beam Landing Structure
              • Cantilevered Flight and Landing Structure
              • Stringers Flight and Landing Structure
            • Stair Settings (Main Element Settings)
              • Stair Settings: Geometry and Positioning
              • Stair Settings: Rules and Standards
            • About the Stair Tool
            • Stair Input
            • Graphical Editing of Stair Scheme
            • Stair Turning Type
            • Winder Types for Equal-Going Winders
            • Stair Segment Type
            • Stair Tool Edit Mode
            • Automatic “Solver” Options to Resolve Geometric Conflicts
            • Toplinked Stairs and Changed Story Height
            • Tread and Riser Finishes
            • Split Stair Structure
            • Custom Sub-Elements for Stairs and Railings
            • Stair Endings and Connections
            • Model View Options for Stairs
            • Detail Level of Stair and Railing Symbols
            • Floor Plan/Reflected Ceiling Plan Display (Stair Settings)
            • Edit Stair Symbol Components Graphically
          • Railings
            • Baluster Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Post Component Settings (Posts/Inner Posts/Balusters)
            • Segment Settings (Railing Tool)
              • The Pattern Editor (Railing Tool Settings)
              • Segment Settings (Page of Railing Tool Settings)
              • Segment Pattern Settings (Panel of Railing Tool)
            • Rail Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Rail Component Settings (Toprail/Handrail/Rail)
            • About the Railing Tool
            • Place Railing: Basic Polyline Input
            • Place Associative Railing
            • Working with Railing Segments and Nodes
            • Railing Reference Line
            • Railing Tool Edit Mode
            • Railing Settings: Overview
            • Railing Settings: Geometry and Symbol Display
            • Toprail Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Handrail Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Inner Post Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Panel Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Node Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Post Settings (Railing Tool)
            • Connection Settings (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
            • Railing Ends (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
            • Model View Options for Railings
          • Morphs
            • Useful Commands for Transforming Morphs
              • Transforming Morphs: Smooth & Merge Faces
              • Intersect Morph Faces (Generate Edges within a Morph)
              • Transforming Morphs: Curve & Merge Edges
              • Combine Morph Faces for Smooth Editing Effect: Use “Soft” Edges
              • Transforming Morphs: Box Stretch a Morph
              • Transforming Morphs: Cover with Faces
              • Transforming Morphs: Custom Face Settings
            • Basic Morph Editing
              • Basic Morph Editing: Push-Pull
              • Basic Morph Editing: Bulge
              • Basic Morph Editing: Add
              • Basic Morph Editing: Tube
              • Basic Morph Editing: Offset Morph Edge(s)
              • Basic Morph Editing: Curve Edge
              • Basic Morph Editing: Move Morph Sub-Element
              • Basic Morph Editing: Add Node to Morph
              • Basic Morph Editing: Fillet/Chamfer a Morph
            • Morph Selection
            • Create a 2D Morph
            • Create a Box Morph
            • Create a Revolved Morph
            • Create Morph from Existing Elements
            • Morph Edge Type: Hard, Hidden, Soft
            • Boolean Operations with Morphs
            • Morph Texture Mapping and Alignment
            • Fix Modeling Errors: Check and Solidify Morphs
          • Element Intersections
            • Basic Intersection Principles
            • Specific Element Intersections and Junctions
            • How to Make Sure Elements Collide for Best Cleanup Results
            • Intersecting Elements That Don’t Clean Up
            • Best Practices for Intersections: Conceptual Design Phase
            • Fine-Tune Intersections
            • Legacy Intersection Mode for Older-Version Projects
          • Model Element Connections
        • Parametric Objects
          • Create Custom Library Parts and Components
            • Create Custom Components: Example Workflows
              • Example: Create Custom Door Leaf
              • Example: Create Custom Frame or Cap Profile for Curtain Walls
            • Save 2D Symbols as Objects
            • Save 2D Elements as Label
            • Save 3D Elements as Objects
            • Save Rectangular Doors and Windows from 3D Model Elements
            • Save Custom-Shape Doors or Windows
            • Create Custom Components for Doors, Windows, Curtain Wall, Stair, Railing
            • Editing Custom Library Parts and Components
          • About Parametric Objects
          • Where to Find Objects for Use in ARCHICAD
          • BIM Components
          • Search for Library Part
          • Placing an Object
          • 2D and 3D Representation of Objects
          • Stretching Objects
          • Parameter Transfer Between Objects
          • Graphical Editing Using Editable Hotspots
          • Create Patch Object
          • About GDL Object Subtypes
          • Open and Edit Library Part
          • Scripting Custom Objects
          • Further Resources on GDL Object Creation
        • Dedicated Object Tools: Doors, Windows, Skylights, Wall Ends
          • Doors/Windows
            • Placing Doors or Windows
            • Previews in Door/Window Settings
            • Floor Plan Display of Doors/Windows
            • Setting the Window/Door Plane in Slanted or Complex Walls
            • Sill or Header Heights
            • Sill Height Using Subfloor Thickness
            • Anchor Reveal
            • Creating an Empty Opening
            • Moving Wall Openings
            • Doors/Windows in Curved Wall
          • Skylights
            • Placing and Moving a Skylight
            • Skylight Constraint Relative to Roof
          • Corner Windows
          • Wall Ends
        • Ramp Object
          • Openings
            • Create Opening
            • Opening Display on Floor Plan
            • Use Limited Opening to Create Niche or Recess
            • On-Screen View Options for Openings
            • Edit Opening
            • Manage Opening Connections
            • Edit Openings in Teamwork
            • Import/Save Openings with IFC
            • Create Openings from Selection
        • TrussMaker
          • Creating Trusses in the Floor Plan
          • Editing Trusses
          • Creating Trusses in Section/Elevation/IE Windows
        • Solid Element Operations
          • Solid Operation Example
            • Managing Solid Element Connections
          • About Solid Element Operations
          • Solid Operation Types
        • Properties and Classification Systems
          • Property Manager
            • Expression-Defined Properties: Examples
              • Example 1: Simple Mapping
              • Example 2: Modify Element Parameter, Using an Operator
              • Example 3: Expand Property with Descriptive Text String
              • Example 4: Calculate a Quantity and Round Up
              • Example 5: Calculate a Length and Add Overhang
              • Example 6: Round Up to Standard Beam Length
              • Example 7: Display Regulation-Compliance Data for an Element
              • Example 8: Generate Expanded ID for Openings
              • Example 9: Calculate Number of Tiles to Purchase
              • Example 10: List the Total Cost of a Structure in Dollars
            • Expression-Defined Element Properties
              • Create a New Expression-Defined Property: Step By Step
              • Using Expression Editor: Context-Sensitive Help
              • Evaluate Expression-Defined Property
            • Errors in Expressions and How to Fix Them
              • Result Conflicts with Data Type
              • All Arguments Must Use the Same Data Type and Compatible Units
              • Argument’s Data Type is Not Correct
              • Data Type Not Available in ARCHICAD
              • Mathematical Error
              • Incorrect Sign and/or Number Type
              • Data Type Cannot be Changed
              • Does Not Contain Numeric Characters
            • Property Availability for Classifications
            • Assign Classifications/Properties in Element Schedule
            • Show Property Data in Labels and Markers
            • Properties in Hotlinks
            • Export/Import Properties Between Projects
          • Assign Classification
          • Assign Custom Property Value
          • Default Property Value
          • Classification Manager
      • Views of the Virtual Building
        • ARCHICAD Model Views
          • Stories
            • About Stories
            • Navigate Among Stories
            • Defining Story Display in 3D
            • Defining Story Display in Section/Elevation/IE
            • Create or Delete or Rename Stories
            • Story Level Lines
          • Element Display in Floor Plan and Section
            • Show On Stories
            • Floor Plan Display (Element Settings)
            • Show Projection
            • Cut Surfaces and Outlines (Element Settings)
          • 3D Window
            • 3D Cutting Planes
              • Show or Hide 3D Cutaway
              • Create a 3D Cutaway on the Floor Plan or Section
              • Create a 3D Cutaway in the 3D Window
              • Edit Cutaway
              • 3D Cutaway Attributes
              • Hide 3D Cutting Planes
              • Delete Cutting Planes
            • Show Selection/Marquee in 3D
            • Save Contents of 3D Window as a View
            • 3D Engines
            • 3D Projections
            • 3D Navigation Extras
            • 3D Window Size
          • Sections
            • Create a Section Viewpoint
            • Open a Section Viewpoint
            • Horizontal/Vertical Range of Section Viewpoint
            • Define Marker Reference for Source Marker
            • Floor Plan Display of Section Markers
            • Model Appearance (Section-Type Views)
            • Editing Section/Elevation/IE Lines on Floor Plan
            • Place a Linked Section Marker
            • Place Unlinked Marker
            • Create an Independent Section Viewpoint
            • Assign Section Rebuild Status
            • Updating Sections
            • Summary of Rebuild Commands
          • Interior Elevations (IE)
            • About Interior Elevations
            • Create Interior Elevation Group
            • Create Single Interior Elevation Viewpoint
            • Interior Elevation Horizontal Range
            • Interior Elevation Vertical Range
            • Display and Edit Interior Elevation Marker Lines and Marker Range
            • Interior Elevation IDs and Names
            • Delete/Restore IE Viewpoint
            • Display of Elements in Interior Elevation
          • 3D Document
            • About the 3D Document
            • Create a 3D Document
            • Redefine the 3D Document
          • Details
            • About Details
            • Create a Detail Drawing Viewpoint with Model Source
            • Contents of the Detail Viewpoint
            • Place a Linked Detail Marker
            • Create an Independent Detail Viewpoint
            • Display of Detail/Worksheet Boundary
            • Update Detail/Worksheet Marker Boundary
            • Updating the Detail Window
          • Worksheets
            • About Worksheets
            • Worksheet vs. Detail
            • Create a Worksheet Drawing with Model Source
            • Contents of the Worksheet Window
            • Editing in the Worksheet Window
            • Create an Independent Worksheet Viewpoint
            • Place a Linked Worksheet Marker
          • Managing Markers in ARCHICAD
            • About Markers
            • Display of Marker Range Lines
            • Source Marker Highlight
            • Changing Marker Type
            • Transfer Marker Parameters
            • Copying a Marker
            • Find Linked Markers
            • Check Markers Palette
            • Deleting a Viewpoint/View/Drawing with a Marker
            • Deleting a Source Marker
          • Interactive Schedule
            • Types of Interactive Schedules
            • Units in Interactive Schedules
            • Open and View a Schedule
            • Show Schedule Data for Selected Floor Plan Items
            • Editing and Updating Schedule Items
            • Select Schedule Items on Floor Plan/3D
            • Define Schedule Content Using Scheme Settings
            • Create Schedule of Surfaces
            • Format Options (Interactive Schedule)
            • Schedule Headers
            • Previews and Pictures in the Interactive Schedule
            • Restructure Schedule to Fit Layout
            • Split Schedule into Multiple Layouts
          • Floor Plan Window
          • Floor Plan Cut Plane (Global Setting)
          • Elevations
          • Project Indexes
        • Model View Options
          • Define Model View Options
          • Model View Options Combinations
        • Partial Structure Display
          • Applying Partial Structure Settings to Model Windows
          • Save Partial Structure Settings by View
          • How to Define Components as “Core” or “Finish”
          • Visualizing the Entire Model
          • Partial Structure Display Settings: Effect on Elements
          • Partial Structure Display Settings in Windows Based on a Source Marker
        • Renovation
          • Renovation Filters
            • Apply Renovation Filter
            • Show an Element in a Single Renovation Filter Only
            • Renovation Filter Options
            • Examples of Renovation Filters
          • Graphic Overrides By Renovation Status
            • Openings By Renovation Status: Override Examples
          • Workflows for Tricky Renovation Situations
            • Adding Insulation to Walls: Renovation Workflow
            • Adding New Door Panel to Existing Door Frame: Renovation Workflow
            • Zone Stamps for Renovated Rooms: Renovation Workflow
            • Listing Material Quantities for Renovation Projects
          • Assign Renovation Status to Elements
          • Best Practices for Creating Renovation Views
          • Reset Renovation Status
        • Graphic Overrides
          • Graphic Override Rules
          • Graphic Override Combinations
          • Exceptions: When Overrides Don’t Apply
        • On-Screen View Options
      • Element Parameters
        • Component Data in ARCHICAD
          • Calculating Component Areas
            • Component Areas of Basic and Composite Elements
            • Component Areas of Complex Profiles
          • Component Listing Parameters in the Interactive Schedule
        • General Listing Parameters
        • Beam Listing Parameters
        • Beam Segment Listing Parameters
        • Column Listing Parameters
        • Column Segment Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Accessory Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Frame Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Junction Listing Parameters
        • Curtain Wall Panel Listing Parameters
        • Window/Door Listing Parameters
        • Fill Listing Parameters
        • Lamp Listing Parameters
        • Mesh Listing Parameters
        • Morph Listing Parameters
        • Object/Lamp Listing Parameters
        • Opening Listing Parameters
        • Railing Listing Parameters
        • Railing Segment Listing Parameters
        • Railing Members Listing Parameters
        • Roof Listing Parameters
        • Shell Listing Parameters
        • Skylight Listing Parameters
        • Slab Listing Parameters
        • Stair Listing Parameters
        • Stair Finish Listing Parameters
        • Stair Structure Listing Parameters
        • Wall Listing Parameters
        • Zone Listing Parameters
      • Functions in Expressions
        • CONSTANTS
          • Pi [PI]
          • True[TRUE] False[FALSE]
        • OPERATORS
          • Add [+]
          • Divide [/]
          • Equals [-]
          • Greater Than [>]
          • Greater Than or Equal to [>-]
          • Not Equal [<>]
          • Power [^]
          • Subtract [-]
        • LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
          • And [AND]
          • Or [OR]
          • Not [NOT]
          • If [IF]
          • If Multiple [IFS]
          • Exclusive Or [XOR]
          • Undefined [ISUNDEFINED]
        • MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
          • Absolute Value [ABS]
          • e Exponent [EXP]
          • Natural Logarithm [LN]
          • Base Logarithm [LOG]
          • Base 10 Logarithm [LOG10]
          • Remainder [MOD]
          • Nth Root [NTHROOT]
          • Power [POWER]
          • Quotient [QUOTIENT]
          • Sign [SIGN]
          • Square Root [SQRT]
          • Sum [SUM]
          • Round to Multiple [MROUND]
          • Round Down to Multiple [MROUNDDOWN]
          • Round Up to Multiple [MROUNDUP]
          • Round [ROUND]
          • Round Down [ROUNDDOWN]
          • Round Up [ROUNDUP]
        • TRIGONOMETRICAL FUNCTIONS
          • Arccosine [ACOS]
          • Arccotangent [ACOT]
          • Arcsine [ASIN]
          • Arctangent [ATAN]
          • Cosine [COS]
          • Cotangent [COT]
          • Sine [SIN]
          • Tangent [TAN]
        • STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS
          • Average [AVG]
          • Maximum [MAX]
          • Minimum [MIN]
        • TEXT EDITING FUNCTIONS
          • Compare [COMPARE]
          • Merge Strings [CONCAT]
          • Contains [CONTAINS]
          • Find String [FIND]
          • String from Left [LEFT]
          • Length of String [LEN]
          • Lower Case [LOWER]
          • String from Position [MID]
          • Replace in String [REPLACE]
          • Repeat String [REPT]
          • String from Right [RIGHT]
          • Split String [SPLIT]
          • Split String to Left [SPLITLEFT]
          • Split String to Right [SPLITRIGHT]
          • Substitute Strings [SUBSTITUTE]
          • Join Strings [TEXTJOIN]
          • Trim [TRIM]
          • Upper Case [UPPER]
        • DATA CONVERSION
          • Convert to String [STR]
          • Convert Unit to String [STRCALCUNIT]
          • Number from String [STRTONUM]
      • PARAM-O Reference Guide
        • PARAM-O Node Documentation
          • Parameters
            • Dimension 1
            • Dimension 2
            • Height
          • Shapes
            • Block
            • Cylinder
            • Cone
            • Sphere
            • Ellipsoid
            • Elbow
            • Wedge
            • Regular Prism
            • Profile Extrude
          • Inputs
            • Boolean
            • Integer
            • Number
            • Length
            • Angle
            • Random Number
            • Global Value
          • List Inputs
            • Integer Series
            • Number Series
            • Random Series
            • Number Distribution
          • Attribute Inputs
            • Pen
            • Surface
            • Profile
          • Point Inputs
            • Point
            • Vector
            • Deconstruct Point
            • Deconstruct Vector
            • Line Points
            • Grid Points
            • Arc Points
          • Transformations
            • Move
            • Move By Vector
            • Rotation X
            • Rotation Y
            • Rotation Z
            • Scale
            • Combination
          • Shape Transformations
            • Transform Shape
            • Move Shape
            • Move Shape By Vector
            • Rotate Shape X
            • Rotate Shape Y
            • Rotate Shape Z
            • Scale Shape
          • Maths
            • Addition
            • Subtraction
            • Multiplication
            • Division
            • Lower
            • Lower Or Equal
            • Greater
            • Greater Or Equal
            • Equal
            • Not Equal
            • Expression
            • Abs
            • Floor
            • Ceil
            • Sqrt
            • Negative
            • Min
            • Max
          • Trigonometry
            • Sine
            • Cosine
            • Tangent
            • Arc Sine
            • Arc Cosine
            • Arc Tangent
          • Solid Operations
            • Union
            • Difference
            • Intersection
          • Extras
            • GDL Object
            • GDL Shape
            • Viewer
        • Installation
        • Getting Started
        • PARAM-O Manager
        • PARAM-O Editor
        • Creating an Object
        • Making an Object Parametric
      • Collaboration
        • Teamwork
          • External Files Linked to Teamwork Project
            • Hotlink Modules and XREFs in Teamwork
            • External Drawings in Teamwork
          • Teamwork Setup/Preparation
            • Share a Teamwork Project in ARCHICAD
            • Libraries Setup for Teamwork Project Sharing
          • Messaging (Teamwork)
            • Create a New Message (Teamwork)
            • Receive and Open Message (Teamwork)
            • Review Elements (Teamwork)
          • Reserving Teamwork Project Data (Non-Elements)
            • Feedback on Ownership of Teamwork Project Data
            • Reservation in Attribute Manager: Reserve All Attributes (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Individual Views and View Map Folders
            • Reserve Settings of Layout Book Items (Teamwork)
            • Moving Views and Layouts in the Navigator: Reservation Requirements (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Publisher Sets (Teamwork)
            • Reserve and Delete Layers (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Find and Select Criteria (Teamwork)
            • Reservation in Interactive Schedules (Teamwork)
            • Reserve List Scheme Dialog Boxes (Teamwork)
          • Reserving Elements in Teamwork
            • Overview of Teamwork Reservation
            • Reserve Elements by Selection (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Elements by Criteria (Teamwork)
            • Reserve Library Objects (Teamwork)
            • Feedback on Element Ownership (Teamwork)
            • Reservation Results (Teamwork)
          • Remote Access to Teamwork Projects
            • Working from Home and the Office: Suggested Workflow for a Teamwork Project
            • Travel Pack: Move Your Teamwork Project and Libraries to a Different Computer
            • Avoid Conflicting Work Sessions in Teamwork Projects
          • Manage Local Teamwork Data
            • Move Local Teamwork Data to a Different Computer
            • Delete Local Teamwork Data
            • Schedule Teamwork Data Cleanup Reminder
          • Teamwork Functions at a Glance
          • GRAPHISOFT BIMcloud: Features and Benefits
          • Network Diagnostic Information (BIMcloud)
          • Open or Join Teamwork Project
          • Close Teamwork Project
          • Save Local Copy of Teamwork Project
          • Force User to Leave a Teamwork Project
          • Join or Leave a Teamwork Project
          • Send/Receive Changes in Teamwork
          • Working Online/Offline in Teamwork
          • Teamwork Interface
          • Reserve All Elements and Data (Teamwork)
          • Review Your Workspace (Teamwork)
          • Creating and Sending Project Data (Teamwork)
          • Assign Elements (Teamwork)
          • Request Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
          • Release Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
          • Add Comment to Activities (Teamwork)
          • Libraries in Teamwork
        • Hotlink Modules
          • About Hotlink Modules
          • Place Hotlink
          • Edit Hotlink Module Content
          • Hotlink Settings
          • Hotlink Module Manager
          • Create Module (.mod) File
          • Save Selection in PLN Format
        • Model Compare
          • Compare Teamwork Model Versions (Before and After Receiving Changes)
          • Compare Two Saved Versions of Current Model
          • Compare Two Views of a Single Project
          • Compare ARCHICAD Models Before and After Hotlink Update
          • Compare Views of Structural Analytical Models
          • Select View for Compare
          • Filter Changes Shown in Model Compare Palette
          • Model Compare: Review the Changes
          • Workspace Colors for Model Compare
        • Issue Handling
          • Add Selected Elements to New Issue
          • Show Containing Issue
          • Add Views to Issue
          • Issue Manager
          • Suggestion Elements in Issue Manager (Highlight, New, Modify, Delete)
          • Assign Issue to User
          • Accept Issue Element(s)
          • Issue Management Workflow: Example
          • Issue Organizer
          • Issue Details
          • Create Issue from Model Check Report
          • Create Issue from Model Compare Change List
          • Import Issues (BCF format)
          • Export Issues (BCF format)
          • Export/Import Issues Using PDF Markup
        • Change Tracking in Teamwork
          • Subscribe to Changed Elements - by Criteria
            • Subscribe to Changed Elements - by Selection
            • Subscribe to Changes in Project Data
            • Filter Element Changes by Parameter Type
            • Filter Change Notifications by Teams and Users
          • Create New Subscription
          • View and Manage Tracked Changes
          • Manage Subscriptions
        • Collision Detection
      • MEP Modeler
        • MEP Routing
          • Define Settings in Routing Palette
          • Routing Options
          • Routing Process
          • Vary Elevations During Routing
          • MEP Routing With the Magic Wand
        • MEP Preferences
          • Predefined Bend Radius
        • Apply MEP Work Environment
        • Place Individual MEP Elements
        • Insert MEP Junction Elements
        • MEP-Compatible Library Parts
        • MEP Connection Ports
        • MEP Systems
        • MEP Element Settings
        • Graphical Editing of MEP Elements
        • Resize MEP Elements (Command)
        • Select Connected MEP Elements (Command)
        • Edit MEP Selection Set (Command)
        • Create Custom MEP Part
      • Structural Analytical Model
        • Structural Supports
          • Place Structural Support
          • Support Elements: Symbol Options
          • Structural Supports at Openings and Holes
        • 1D Members (Column and Beam)
          • Connection Range (Extend Core to Enable Connection)
          • Beam/Column with Multiple Cross-Sections: Use Replacement Profile
        • Structural Loads
          • Load Manager (for Load Cases and Load Groups)
          • Load Case Settings
          • Load Group Settings
          • Load Combination Dialog Box
          • Place Loads
          • Load Tool Settings
          • Representation of Loads
          • Loads in SAF Import/Export
        • Structural Analytical Model Generation Rules
          • Adjustment Rules
            • Examples of Adjustment Rules
              • Example 1: Offset Beams to Slabs
              • Example 2: Stretch Beams to Columns
              • Example 3: Snap
              • Example 4: Cutback
              • Example 5: Stretch & Cutback
            • Adjuster Types and Options
              • Stretch 1D Member
              • Stretch 2D Member
              • Cutback 1D Member
              • Cutback 2D Member
              • Maximum Cutback/Maximum Overhang
              • Stretch & Cutback
              • Adjust Connected Ends
              • Offset 1D to 1D
              • Offset 1D to 2D
              • Offset 2D Member
              • Offset Options In Case of Multiple Targets
              • Snap (1D to 1D)
            • Set Up Adjustment Rules
          • Filter Openings for Structural Analytical Model
          • End/Edge Release (Generation Rules)
        • Model Check - Overview
          • Physical Model Quality Check
            • Physical Model Check Parameters
          • Structural Analytical Model Quality Check
          • Model Check Report
        • Collaboration with Structural Analysis Software
          • IFC Structural Analysis Model Import/Export - Experimental Feature
        • Structural Engineering Work Environment and Commands
        • Elements of the Structural Analytical Model
        • 2D Members (Slab, Wall, Roof)
        • Structural Links
        • Representation of Structural Analytical Model
        • Eccentricity
        • End/Edge Releases
      • Structural Analysis Format
        • Optimizing SAF Translators
          • Download SAF Data Files Optimized for Structural Applications
          • Prepare and Export a SAF Data File to Ensure Standard Mapping
        • SAF Translator for Export: Settings
          • Material Mapping (Export to SAF)
            • Map ARCHICAD Building Material (By Name)
              • Use Element Property for More Precise Material Mapping
              • Add More SAF Materials to Mapping List (Export to SAF)
          • Profile Mapping (Export to SAF)
            • Map Complex Profiles (By Name)
              • Add More SAF Cross Sections to Mapping List (Export to SAF)
            • Automatic Mapping Based on Database File (Export ARCHICAD to SAF)
            • Default Mapping for Exported Cross Sections
          • Local Coordinate System (Export to SAF)
          • Miscellaneous Settings (Export to SAF)
        • SAF Translator for Import: Settings
          • Profile Mapping (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Map SAF Cross Sections By Name
              • Add More SAF Cross Sections (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Automatic Mapping Based on Database File for Manufactured Cross Sections (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Mapping Imported “General” or “Parametric” SAF Cross Sections
            • Parametric SAF Cross Sections Recognized by ARCHICAD
            • Default Mapping for “Other” Cross Sections (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
          • Material Mapping (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
            • Additional Material Mapping: By Element Property Value
            • Add More SAF Materials (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
          • Miscellaneous Settings (Import SAF to ARCHICAD)
        • Export SAF File from ARCHICAD
        • Import SAF File to ARCHICAD
        • Import/Export SAF Translator Files
      • Visualization
        • Visualization Extras
          • Fly-Through
          • Sun Study
          • Align View
        • PhotoRendering
          • PhotoRendering Settings Palette
          • Cineware Basic Settings
          • Create Rendered Image
        • GRAPHISOFT BIMx
          • Create BIMx Hyper-Model
            • Create BIMx Hyper-Model from Publisher
            • Create BIMx Hyper-Model Using a Wizard
            • Republish Hyper-model
          • BIMx: Notes on Model Data, Size, Textures and Shadows
        • Cameras
      • Energy Evaluation
        • Energy Evaluation Workflow: Overview
          • General Settings for Energy Evaluation
        • Energy Evaluation: Direct BIM to BEM
          • Internal Space Zones for Energy Evaluation
          • Building Energy Model View
          • Automatic Model Geometry and Material Property Analysis in Energy Evaluation
        • Energy Model Review Palette
          • List and Tree Tab Page View Options
          • Thermal Blocks Tab Page
          • Structures Tab Page
          • Openings Tab Page
          • Building Energy Model Visualization
        • Additional Data Assignment and Input
          • Thermal Block Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Structure Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Opening Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Climate Data (Energy Evaluation)
          • Environment Settings (Energy Evaluation)
          • Operation Profiles (Energy Evaluation)
          • Building Systems (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Source Factors (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Costs (Energy Evaluation)
        • Energy Performance Evaluation
          • Start Energy Simulation (Energy Evaluation)
          • Interoperability with Green Software (Energy Evaluation)
          • Advisory Messages (Energy Evaluation)
          • VIP-Core Dynamic Simulation Engine (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Evaluation Report Dialog
          • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - PDF Report
          • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - XLS Report
      • Interoperability
        • File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
          • CAD Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • Image Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • Model/3D Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • Other Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
        • File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
          • CAD Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Image Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Model/3D Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Document and Other Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
        • Working with PDF Documents
          • Create PDF Output Using the Publisher
            • PDF Options
          • Save Document in PDF Format
          • 3D Content in PDF
        • Working with DWG/DXF Files
          • Opening DWG/DXF Files
          • Saving DWG/DXF Files
          • Merge a DXF/DWG File
        • Working with XREFs
          • Attributes of XREF Files
          • Using XREFs in Round-Trip Communication
        • Working with Point Clouds
          • Import Point Clouds
          • Trace Point Cloud to Create Model Elements
          • Optimize Display of Point Cloud Object
          • Redefine Origin of Point Cloud Object
          • Place Point Cloud Object in Teamwork Project
        • Working With Rhino 3D Models
          • Open or Merge Rhino Model
          • Import Rhino 3DM File as Object
          • Hotlink Rhino File
          • Export Model to Rhino
        • Working with RFA & RVT Files
          • Import RFA as GDL Object
          • Hotlink 3D RVT Model
          • Export 3D Model as Revit 3D Geometry
        • Interoperability with MEP Applications
          • Export ARCHICAD Files to MEP Software
          • Import MEP Data to ARCHICAD
        • Interoperability with Energy Analysis
          • Integrated Energy Evaluation
          • Export Files from ARCHICAD to Energy Analysis Software
          • Import Energy Analysis Results Into ARCHICAD
        • Merging Files to ARCHICAD
        • Import/Export Property Data via Spreadsheet
        • Import BIM Content
        • Export to Artlantis
      • Working with IFC
        • Appendix: IFC Data Mapping in ARCHICAD
          • Predefined Property Mapping (Export ARCHICAD to IFC)
          • Built-in IFC Type Mapping for ARCHICAD
          • Data Types for Properties in IFC and ARCHICAD
        • IFC Project Manager
          • Functions of the IFC Project Manager
          • Navigating in the IFC Project Manager: Tree Structure
          • Navigating in IFC Project Manager: Attributes and Properties
          • Assign or Edit IFC Property/Attribute Values
          • Create New, Custom IFC Property
          • Create New Classification Reference
          • Apply Predefined Rules
          • Using Assignments in IFC Project Manager
          • Using Type Products in IFC Project Manager
        • Appendix: IFC Terms and Concepts
          • Model View Definitions
          • IFC Data Types
        • Translators for Export (Detailed Settings)
          • Model Filter for IFC Export
          • Type Mapping for IFC Export
          • How to Fix Error Warnings in the Type Mapping Dialog
          • Geometry Conversion for IFC Export
          • Property Mapping for IFC Export
          • How to create a Mapping Rule
          • Examples of Property Mapping Rules
          • Data Conversion for IFC Export
          • Unit Conversion for IFC Export
        • Translators for Import (Detailed Settings)
          • Property Mapping for IFC Import
            • Using the Mapping Table
            • Assigning Property Values in ARCHICAD (Based on IFC Property Mapping)
          • Model Filter for IFC Import
          • Type Mapping for IFC Import
          • Geometry Conversion for IFC Import
          • Layer Conversion for IFC Import
          • Material and Surface Conversion
        • IFC File Types Supported by ARCHICAD
        • ARCHICAD Classifications and Categories in IFC
        • Export IFC Model from ARCHICAD
        • Import IFC Model to ARCHICAD
        • Open IFC Model
        • Merge IFC Project
        • Hotlink IFC File
        • Update with IFC Model
        • Manage IFC Data at Element Level
        • IFC Local Preferences
        • Define Element Criteria using IFC Data
        • IFC Translators: Overview
        • Filter Model at Import (Secondary Filter)
        • Filter Model at Export
      • User Interface Reference
        • Controls
          • Action Center
          • Project Chooser
          • The 2D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
          • The 3D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
          • Control Box
          • Coordinates Palette
          • Search and Replace Text Dialog Box
          • Formatting Palette and Text Editor Controls
          • Renovation Palette
          • Teamwork Palette
          • Project Info
          • Project Notes
          • Project Preview
          • Architect Credits in BIMx
          • Session Report Window
          • Solid Element Operations Palette
          • Classic 3D Navigation Toolbar
        • Dialog Boxes
          • Detailed Cineware Settings
            • Cineware Effects
              • Ambient Occlusion (Cineware Effect)
              • Caustics (Cineware Effect)
              • Cel Renderer (Cineware Effect)
              • Color Mapping (Cineware Effect)
              • Color Correction (Cineware Effect)
              • Depth of Field (Cineware Effect)
              • Lens and Filters (Cineware Effect)
              • Distance Fog (Cineware Effect)
              • Monochrome Model (Cineware Effect)
              • Tone Mapping (Cineware Effect)
              • Vignetting (Cineware Effect)
            • Global Illumination (Cineware)
              • Preset (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Primary and Secondary Method (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Sampling (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Radiosity Maps (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • How Does QMC Work?
              • Irradiance Cache (Global Illumination)
              • Irradiance Cache (Legacy) (Cineware Global Illumination)
              • Details (Cineware Global Illumination)
            • Physical Renderer (Cineware)
              • Physical Camera
              • Physical Renderer Options
              • Physical Renderer Advanced
            • General Considerations When Using Detailed Settings
            • Navigating in the PhotoRendering Settings Palette
            • List of Detailed Cineware Settings
            • Light Adjustments (Cineware)
            • Shadow Casting (Cineware)
            • Environment: Physical Sky (Cineware)
            • Environment: HDRI Sky (Cineware)
            • General Options (Cineware)
            • Antialiasing (Cineware)
            • Grass (PhotoRendering Option)
            • Spherical Camera (Cineware)
            • Stereo Rendering (Cineware)
          • Work Environment Dialog Box
            • Work Environment Schemes
            • Work Environment Profiles
            • Dialog Boxes and Palettes
            • Selection and Element Information
            • Tracker and Coordinate Input
            • Input Constraints and Guides Dialog Box
            • Model Rebuild Options
            • Publisher
            • More Options
            • Advanced Redraw Options
            • On-Screen Options
            • Data Safety & Integrity
            • Network And Update
            • Special Folders
            • Shortcut Customization Dialog Box
            • Toolbox Customization Dialog Box
            • Tool Settings Dialog Box Customization
            • Info Box Customization Dialog Box
            • Toolbar Customization Dialog Box
            • Menu Customization Dialog Box
          • Surfaces (Cineware)
            • Textures (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Special Settings for Image Textures (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Mix Mode and Mix Strength (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Shaders List (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Procedural Shaders (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Shader Effects (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Sketch Shaders (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Additional Effects for Shader Layers/Folders (Cineware Surfaces)
              • Using Layers to Combine Shaders (Cineware Surfaces)
            • Cineware Surface Channels
            • Color (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Diffusion (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Luminance (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Transparency (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Reflectance (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Environment (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Fog (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Bump (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Normal (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Alpha (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Glow (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Displacement (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Grass (Cineware Surface Channel)
            • Illumination (Cineware Surface Channel)
          • Merge DXF-DWG
            • Merge DXF-DWG Model Space Dialog Box
            • Import Options for Elements on Paper Space
            • Smart Merge Options
          • DXF/DWG Translation Setup
            • Drawing Unit (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Open Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Save Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Attributes (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Layers (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Pens & Colors (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Line Types (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Fills (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Font-Style Conversion (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Miscellaneous (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Custom Functions (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
          • XREF Management Dialog Box
            • Attach XREF
          • Print Interactive Schedule
            • Header/Footer Settings
          • GDL (Geometric Description Language)
            • GDL Object Editor
            • Text Editing Commands in GDL Script Windows
            • Subtype Hierarchy Dialog Box (GDL Master Window)
          • 3D Projection Settings
            • Parallel Projection Settings
            • Perspective Projection Settings
          • Surfaces Dialog Box
            • Create, Load and Share Surfaces (All Engines)
            • Match Settings with Cineware Surfaces
            • Surface Exposure to Light Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Surface Cover Fill Foreground Panel
            • Surface Texture Panel (Basic Engine)
          • Project Preferences Dialog Boxes
            • Dimensions Preferences
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Ask the community

Editing Roofs

The following sections describe specific roof-related editing techniques.

Graphical Editing of Roof Geometry 

Modify the Roof Pitch

Add Roof Level

Edit Eaves or Gable Overhang

Edit Roof Contour

Edit Roof Ridge

Customize Roof Plane

Customize Edge of Roof or Roof Hole

Create a Hole in a Roof

Create an Atrium

Add a Tower to the Roof

Create Roof Level Lines

Intersect Single-plane Roofs

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