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  • ARCHICAD 21
  • ARCHICAD 21 Reference Guide
  • Interaction
  • Navigation
  • Navigation in the 3D Window
  • Explore Model (3D Navigation)
  • User manuals
    • ARCHICAD 22
      • ARCHICAD 22 Reference Guide
        • License & Trademark Information
        • Install Guide for ARCHICAD 22
          • Install ARCHICAD 22: Single License
          • Your ARCHICAD License Key
          • Add/Repair ARCHICAD
          • Updates for ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD Tools and Utilities
          • Uninstall ARCHICAD
          • Using a CodeMeter Server
        • Network Installation for BIM Managers
          • Command Line Parameters (Custom Install)
          • Option File (Custom Install)
          • Installer Log Files and Error Codes
          • Unattended Uninstall
          • Third-Party Prerequisites
          • Customized Company Defaults for Unattended Installation (ARCHICAD Only)
        • ARCHICAD 22 New Features Guide
          • ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
            • Curtain Wall Renewal
            • Stair Tool – Further Enhancements
            • Railing Tool – Further Enhancements
            • Custom Geometry Modifiers in Profiles
          • VISUALIZATION
            • New CineRender Engine
          • PERFORMANCE
          • PRODUCTIVITY
            • Expression Defined Property Values
            • Custom Graphical Label
            • Priority-Based Selection Highlights of Walls on Floor Plan
            • Introduction of Decimeters in Project Preferences/Working Units
            • Updated Attribute Manager Dialog
            • Updated Model View Options Dialog
            • GRAPHISOFT ID – Unified Login
            • Trackpad and Magic Mouse Support for Mac
            • Enhanced Security Options for PDF
            • Collision Detection Enhancements
            • Small Improvements
            • Country-Specific Developments
          • LIBRARY ENHANCEMENTS
            • General Library Enhancements
            • Local Library Enhancements
          • ARCHICAD – Grasshopper LIVE connection
        • Migrating to ARCHICAD 22
          • Migration Topics: Versions 18-21
            • Migrating Libraries to ARCHICAD 22
            • Migrating a Teamwork Project (v. 13-21) to ARCHICAD 22
          • Migrating from Older Versions (ARCHICAD 8.1 through 17)
            • Migration of Rendering/Surface Settings to CineRender
            • Migration of Lights and Lamp Settings
            • Images from QuickTime Formats
            • Element Display in Interior Elevations
            • Building Materials: Collision Detection Setting
            • Building Materials: Attribute Migration Issues
            • Migrating EcoDesigner or Energy Evaluation Data
            • Priority-Based Element Intersections
            • Display of Transparent Elements
            • Walls, Zones, Columns: Toplink Option
            • Core-Based Reference Plane for Slab
            • Core-Based Wall Reference Line
            • Changed Renovation Features
            • Migrating Roofs and Skylights
            • VR Scenes and VR Objects No Longer Supported
            • Migration of Exported Options Files (.xml, .aat, .prf)
            • Find & Select Criteria Sets
            • Open Older (pre-13) Teamwork Files in ARCHICAD 22
            • Migrating Libraries and Objects from ARCHICAD 12 and Earlier
            • “Automatic” Home Story Setting Eliminated
            • Doors and Windows in Partial Structure Display
            • Lost IFC Data
            • Section/Elevation Marker Display
            • DXF/DWG Translator Changes in Converting ARCHICAD Fills
            • Migrate Projects Containing Hotlinks
            • Migrating PlotMaker Layout Books to ARCHICAD 22
        • Configuration
          • Start ARCHICAD
          • Create New Solo Project
          • The ARCHICAD User Interface
            • Arranging Palettes, Toolbars and Windows
            • Set Window Background and Grid Line Color
            • Quick Options Bar
            • Toolbox
            • Info Box
            • Menus
            • Toolbars
            • Shortcuts
            • Palettes
            • Pet Palettes
          • Open/Close Project
          • Attributes
            • Line Types
            • Layers
              • About Layers
              • Quick Layers
              • Layer Combinations
              • Use Layers to Prevent Intersections
              • Use Separate Layer Settings for the Layout Book
              • Place All Elements on a Single “Active Layer” (Simulate AutoCAD Work Methods)
            • Fill Types
            • Pen Sets
              • Apply a Pen Set
              • Redefine a Pen Set
              • Transfer a Pen Set to Another Project
              • Automatic Pen Color Visibility Adjustment for Model Views
            • Building Materials
            • Surfaces
              • About Surfaces
              • Override Surfaces With Surface Painter
              • Surface Painter Palette
              • Override Surfaces in Element Settings
              • Align 3D Texture
              • Display of Surfaces in Renderings
            • Composite Structures
            • Attribute Manager
              • Attribute Management Commands
              • Revert Changes in Attribute Manager
              • Attribute Manager: Editable Attribute Parameters
                • Layer Combinations and Layers (Attribute Manager)
                • Pen Sets and Pens (Attribute Manager)
                • Line Types (Attribute Manager)
                • Fill Types (Attribute Manager)
                • Surfaces (Attribute Manager)
                • Building Materials (Attribute Manager)
                • Composites
                • Profiles (Attribute Manager)
                • Zone Categories (Attribute Manager)
                • Markup Styles (Attribute Manager)
                • Cities (Attribute Manager)
                • MEP Systems (Attribute Manager)
                • Operation Profiles
            • Missing Attributes
              • Find and Select Elements with Missing Attributes
            • Custom Attributes of GDL Objects
            • Delete and Replace Attributes in a Model
          • Saving from ARCHICAD
          • Libraries
            • Library Manager
            • Embedded Library
              • Add Objects to Embedded Library
              • Manage Embedded Objects
            • Linked Libraries
            • BIMcloud Libraries
              • Add BIMcloud Library
              • Manage BIMcloud Libraries
            • Remove Library from Project
            • Recommendations for Using Libraries
            • Troubleshooting Library Issues
            • Library Container File
            • Library Updates
          • Favorites
            • Apply a Favorite
            • Search Favorites
            • Create New Favorite
            • Redefine Favorite
            • Edit Settings of One or More Favorites
            • Missing Content in Favorite
            • Favorites Palette
            • Import/Export Favorites
          • File Compression
          • ARCHICAD License Types
          • Resolving Issues with Serial Numbers
          • Template Files
          • Backup Files
          • Archive Files
          • Troubleshooting Problem Files
          • License Information
          • Opening Projects through a Network
          • Add-Ons and Goodies
          • Working Units
          • Project Location and Project North
          • Project Preferences
          • Scale
        • Interaction
          • Navigation
            • How to Navigate Among ARCHICAD Views
            • Tab Bar
              • Navigate With the Tab Bar
              • Transfer Settings Among Tabs
            • Pop-up Navigator
              • Navigator Project Map
              • Navigator View Map
            • Zoom
            • Navigation in the 3D Window
              • Accessing 3D Navigation Commands
              • Explore Model (3D Navigation)
              • Orbit (3D Navigation)
              • Navigator Preview (3D)
              • 3D Connexion Enabler
            • Fit in Window
            • Organizer Palette
              • Clone a Folder in the View Map
              • Navigator Layout Book
              • Navigator Publisher
              • Access Views/Layouts from External ARCHICAD Project
            • Set Orientation
            • Navigator Preview (2D)
            • Navigator Palette
          • Origins
            • Elevation Values in the Tracker
          • Selection
            • Selecting Elements
              • Quick Selection of Surface Areas
              • Select Multiple Elements With Selection Polygon
            • Element Information Pop-up (Info Tags)
            • Selection Feedback
              • Selection Highlight and Element Information Highlight
            • Find and Select Elements
            • Marquee Area
              • Marquee Area Definition
              • Save Marquee Area as PDF or DWG
              • Copy/Paste Marquee Area from Project Window
              • Other Editing Operations within the Marquee
            • Edit Selection Set
            • Store Selection Sets in Selections Palette
          • On-Screen Input Aids
            • The Intelligent Cursor
            • Tracker
              • Element Input Using Tracker Coordinates
            • Ruler
            • Snap Points
              • Snap Points on Temporary Vector
            • Measure Tool
            • Editing Plane in 3D Window
              • Editing Plane Display
              • Editing Plane and 3D Element Input
              • Reposition Editing Plane
            • Set up Construction Grid
            • Magic Wand
              • Magic Wand Settings
            • Relative Construction Methods
              • Parallel and Perpendicular Constraints
              • Angle Bisector Constraint
              • Offset and Multiple Offset Constraints (Relative Construction Methods)
              • Aligning Elements to a Surface in 3D
            • Set up Snap Grid
            • Snap to Grid
            • Snap Guides
            • Guide Lines
            • Gravity
            • Mouse Constraints
            • Coordinate Constraints
            • Snapping to Existing Elements
            • Cursor Snap Range
          • Editing Elements
            • Basic Editing Operations
            • Cancel Operations (ESC Key, Backspace)
            • Move Elements
              • Nudging Elements
              • Dragging Elements
              • Rotating Elements
              • Mirroring Elements
              • Elevating Elements
            • Distribute Elements
              • Special Distribute
            • Offset All Edges
            • Modify Element Sizes
              • Stretching Walls
              • Modifying Slanted Walls and Columns
              • Modifying Beams
              • Reshaping Polygons and Chained Elements
              • Stretching with the Marquee Tool
              • Stretch Height
              • Resize (Enlarge or Reduce) Elements
              • Splitting Elements
              • Adjusting Elements
              • Adjust Elements to Slabs
              • Create a Fillet or Chamfer
              • Trim Elements Using Scissors
              • Adding Element Nodes
              • Move Nodes
              • Curve/Straighten Element Edge
            • Duplicate Elements
              • Drag, Rotate, Mirror Element Copies
              • Multiply Elements
            • Intersect Two Elements
            • Align Elements
            • Explode into Current View
            • Drag & Drop
            • Parameter Transfer
            • Element Transfer Settings
            • Group Elements
            • Lock/Unlock Elements
            • Display Order
          • Consolidate Lines and Fills in Drawing Windows
          • Virtual Trace: Using References to Edit and Compare Model Views and Drawings
            • Choose a Trace Reference
            • Show/Hide Trace Reference
            • Move/Rotate/Reset Reference
            • Switch Reference with Active: Access Elements within the Reference for Editing or Copying
            • Activate Reference
            • Rebuild Trace Reference
            • Compare Reference with Active
        • Elements of the Virtual Building
          • Construction Elements
            • Place a Construction Element in ARCHICAD
              • Home Story
              • Define Top Link for Wall, Column, Zone or Stair
            • Walls
              • Wall Reference Line
              • Create a Straight Wall
              • Create a Curved Wall
              • Create a Chain of Walls
              • Create a Rectangle of Walls
              • Create a Trapezoid Wall
              • Create a Polygon Wall (PolyWall)
              • Create a Slanted or Double-Slanted Wall
              • Create a Log Wall
              • Walls and Other Elements
              • Modify Wall Reference Line
              • Invert Wall Direction
            • Columns
              • Creating Columns
              • Column Display
              • Columns and Other Elements
            • Beams
              • Beam Reference Axis
              • Beam Display on the Floor Plan
              • Create a Beam
              • Create a Hole in a Beam
              • Selecting and Modifying Beam Holes
              • Beams and Other Elements
            • Complex Profiles
              • Create Complex Profile from Parallel Elements
              • Use Standard Steel Column or Beam Profile
              • Offset Modifiers
                • Create New Offset Modifier
                • Edit Offset Modifier
                • Offset Modifiers: Tips and Tricks
              • Profile Manager
              • Create or Edit Complex Profile
              • Apply Profile to Selected Element
              • Capture Selected Element for New Profile
              • Apply Custom Surface or Line to Profile Edge
              • Profile Origin in Profile Editor Window
              • Stretch Modifiers
            • Roofs
              • About Roofs
              • Create a Single-plane Roof on the Floor Plan
              • Examples of Multi-plane Roofs
                • Hip Roof
                • Complex Roof
                • Gable Roof
                • Pyramidal Roof
                • Mansard Roof
                • Gablet Roof
                • Gambrel Roof
                • Cross-Gable Roof
              • Create a Single-plane Roof in the 3D Window
              • Editing Roofs
                • Graphical Editing of Roof Geometry
                • Modify the Roof Pitch
                • Add Roof Level
                • Edit Roof Levels
                • Edit Eaves or Gable Overhang
                • Edit Roof Contour
                • Edit Roof Ridge
                • Customize Roof Plane
                • Customize Edge of Roof or Roof Hole
                • Create a Hole in a Roof
                • Create an Atrium
                • Add a Tower to the Roof
                • Create Roof Level Lines
                • Intersect Single-plane Roofs
              • Create a Multi-plane Roof
              • Crop Elements to Single-plane Roof
              • Create Special Roof Objects with RoofMaker
            • Trim Elements to Roof or Shell
              • Define Trimming Bodies
              • Trim Multiple Selected Elements: Automatic Trim
                • Automatic Trim: Example 1
                • Automatic Trim: Example 2
              • Trim Elements to Roof: Manual Trim
            • Merge Trimming Elements
              • Merge Elements: Roofs, Shells, Morphs
              • Managing Element Connections
            • Shells
              • About Shells
              • Extruded Shells
                • Simple Extruded Vault: Parallel to the Floor Plan
                • Simple Extruded Vault: Perpendicular to the Floor Plan
                • Extruded Shell with Freely Defined Profile
              • Revolved Shells
                • Revolved Shell: Simple Input
                • Revolved Shell with Freely Defined Profile
              • Ruled Shells
                • Ruled Vaulted Shell
              • Sample Workflows for Shell Creation
                • Extruded Shell: Wavy Canopy Roof
                • Revolved Shell: Arced Triangular Roof Complex
                • Revolved Shell: Define Contours in Section
                • Ruled Shell: Tennis Court Shell
                • Ruled Shell: Twisted Tower
              • Graphical Editing of Shells
                • Options for Editing Extruded Shells
                • Options for Editing Revolved Shells
                • Options for Editing Ruled Shells
              • Create Hole in Shell
              • Edit Shell Hole
              • Define Shell Contour
              • Edit Shell Contour Polygon
              • Customize Edge of Shell or Edge of Shell Hole
            • Slabs
              • Slab Reference Plane
              • Creating Slabs
              • Placing Holes in Slabs
              • Set Custom Slab Edge Angle and Edge Surface
            • Meshes
              • Create a Mesh
              • Edit Elevation of a Mesh Point
              • Add New Points to the Mesh
              • Create a Hole in the Mesh
              • Display of Meshes
            • Zones
              • Zone Categories
              • 2D Display of Zone Backgrounds
              • Calculating Zone Area and Zone Volume
                • Relation to Zones
              • Zone Stamps
              • 3D Display of Zone Spaces
              • Creating Zones
              • Crop Zone to Another Element
              • Updating Zones
            • Curtain Wall
              • Working with Curtain Walls: Overview
              • Curtain Wall Components
              • Curtain Wall Input Methods
                • Create Curtain Wall on the Floor Plan
                • Draw Curtain Wall Boundary in the Section Window
                • Create a Curved Curtain Wall: Geometry Methods
                • Create Curtain Wall in the 3D Window
                • Curtain Wall Input Plane in 3D Window
                • Extrude Curtain Wall from a Slanted Input Plane
                • Positioning Curtain Wall in Section
              • Curtain Wall Frames
              • Curtain Wall Frame Settings
              • Place Door- or Window-Type Panel in Curtain Wall
              • Curtain Wall Panel Settings
              • Curtain Wall Scheme Settings
              • Set up Grid Pattern in Scheme Settings
              • Create Grid Pattern Graphically
              • Model View Options for Curtain Walls
              • Curtain Wall Edit Mode
              • Edit Grid and Grid Lines in Edit Mode
              • Graphical Editing of Curtain Wall
              • Add Additional Curtain Wall Boundary
              • Curtain Wall Junctions
              • Curtain Wall Accessories
              • Curtain Wall System Settings
              • Curtain Walls and Other Elements
            • Stairs
              • About the Stair Tool
              • Stair Input
              • Stair Settings (Main Element Settings)
                • Stair Settings: Geometry and Positioning
                • Stair Settings: Rules and Standards
              • Flight and Landing Structures
                • Monolithic Flight and Landing Structures
                • Beam Flight Structure
                • Beam Landing Structure
                • Cantilevered Flight and Landing Structure
                • Stringers Flight and Landing Structure
              • Graphical Editing of Stair Scheme
              • Stair Turning Type
              • Winder Types for Equal-Going Winders
              • Stair Segment Type
              • Stair Tool Edit Mode
              • Automatic “Solver” Options to Resolve Geometric Conflicts
              • Toplinked Stairs and Changed Story Height
              • Tread and Riser Finishes
              • Split Stair Structure
              • Custom Sub-Elements for Stairs and Railings
              • Stair Endings and Connections
              • Model View Options for Stairs
              • Detail Level of Stair and Railing Symbols
              • Floor Plan/Reflected Ceiling Plan Display (Stair Settings)
              • Edit Stair Symbol Components Graphically
            • Railings
              • About the Railing Tool
              • Place Railing: Basic Polyline Input
              • Segment Settings (Railing Tool)
                • Segment Settings (Page of Railing Tool Settings)
                • Segment Pattern Settings (Panel of Railing Tool)
              • Place Associative Railing
              • Rail Settings (Railing Tool)
                • Rail Component Settings (Toprail/Handrail/Rail)
              • Baluster Settings (Railing Tool)
                • Post Component Settings (Posts/Inner Posts/Balusters)
              • Working with Railing Segments and Nodes
              • Railing Reference Line
              • Railing Settings: Overview
              • Railing Settings: Geometry and Symbol Display
              • Toprail Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Handrail Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Inner Post Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Panel Settings (Railing Tool)
              •  Node Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Post Settings (Railing Tool)
              • Connection Settings (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
              • Railing Ends (Toprail, Handrail, Rail)
              • Model View Options for Railings
            • Model Element Connections
            • Morphs
              • Morph Selection
              • Create a 2D Morph
              • Basic Morph Editing
                • Basic Morph Editing: Push-Pull
                • Basic Morph Editing: Bulge
                • Basic Morph Editing: Add
                • Basic Morph Editing: Tube
                • Basic Morph Editing: Offset Morph Edge(s)
                • Basic Morph Editing: Curve Edge
                • Basic Morph Editing: Move Morph Sub-Element
                • Basic Morph Editing: Add Node to Morph
                • Basic Morph Editing: Fillet/Chamfer a Morph
              • Create a Box Morph
              • Useful Commands for Transforming Morphs
                • Transforming Morphs: Smooth & Merge Faces
                • Intersect Morph Faces (Generate Edges within a Morph)
                • Transforming Morphs: Curve & Merge Edges
                • Combine Morph Faces for Smooth Editing Effect: Use “Soft” Edges
                • Transforming Morphs: Box Stretch a Morph
                • Transforming Morphs: Cover with Faces
                • Transforming Morphs: Custom Face Settings
              • Create a Revolved Morph
              • Create Morph from Existing Elements
              • Morph Edge Type: Hard, Hidden, Soft
              • Boolean Operations with Morphs
              • Morph Texture Mapping and Alignment
              • Fix Modeling Errors: Check and Solidify Morphs
            • Element Intersections
              • Basic Intersection Principles
              • Specific Element Intersections and Junctions
              • How to Make Sure Elements Collide for Best Cleanup Results
              • Intersecting Elements That Don’t Clean Up
              • Best Practices for Intersections: Conceptual Design Phase
              • Fine-Tune Intersections
              • Legacy Intersection Mode for Older-Version Projects
          • Parametric Objects
            • About Parametric Objects
            • Where to Find Objects for Use in ARCHICAD
            • Create Custom Library Parts and Components
              • Save 2D Symbols as Objects
              • Save 2D Elements as Label
              • Create Custom Components: Example Workflows
                • Example: Create Custom Door Leaf
                • Example: Create Custom Frame or Cap Profile for Curtain Walls
              • Save 3D Elements as Objects
              • Save Rectangular Doors and Windows from 3D Model Elements
              • Save Custom-Shape Doors or Windows
              • Create Custom Components for Doors, Windows, Curtain Wall, Stair, Railing
              • Editing Custom Library Parts and Components
            • BIM Components
            • Search for Library Part
            • Placing an Object
            • 2D and 3D Representation of Objects
            • Stretching Objects
            • Parameter Transfer Between Objects
            • Graphical Editing Using Editable Hotspots
            • Create Patch Object
            • About GDL Object Subtypes
            • Open and Edit Library Part
            • Scripting Custom Objects
            • Further Resources on GDL Object Creation
          • Dedicated Object Tools: Doors, Windows, Skylights, Wall Ends
            • Corner Windows
            • Doors/Windows
              • Placing Doors or Windows
              • Previews in Door/Window Settings
              • Floor Plan Display of Doors/Windows
              • Setting the Window/Door Plane in Slanted or Complex Walls
              • Sill or Header Heights
              • Sill Height Using Subfloor Thickness
              • Anchor Reveal
              • Creating an Empty Opening
              • Moving Wall Openings
              • Doors/Windows in Curved Wall
            • Skylights
              • Placing and Moving a Skylight
              • Skylight Constraint Relative to Roof
            • Wall Ends
          • Element Properties and Classification Systems
            • Assign Classifications to Elements
            • Assign Custom Property Value
            • Property Manager
              • Property Availability for Classifications
              • Assign Classifications/Properties in Element Schedule
              • Expression-Defined Properties
                • Create a New Expression-Defined Property: Step By Step
                • Using Expression Editor: Context-Sensitive Help
                • Evaluate Expression-Defined Property
              • Show Property Data in Labels and Markers
              • Expression-Defined Properties: Examples
                • Example 1: Simple Mapping
                • Example 2: Modify Element Parameter, Using an Operator
                • Example 3: Expand Property with Descriptive Text String
                • Example 4: Calculate a Quantity and Round Up
                • Example 5: Calculate a Length and Add Overhang
                • Example 6: Round Up to Standard Beam Length
                • Example 7: Display Regulation-Compliance Data for an Element
                • Example 8: Generate Expanded ID for Openings
                • Example 9: Calculate Number of Tiles to Purchase
                • Example 10: List the Total Cost of a Structure in Dollars
              • Errors in Expressions and How to Fix Them
                • Result Conflicts with Data Type
                • All Arguments Must Use the Same Data Type and Compatible Units
                • Argument’s Data Type is Not Correct
                • Data Type Not Available in ARCHICAD
                • Mathematical Error
                • Incorrect Sign and/or Number Type
                • Data Type Cannot be Changed
                • Does Not Contain Numeric Characters
              • Element Properties in Hotlinks
              • Export/Import Properties Between Projects
            • Default Value of Element Property
            • Classification Manager
          • TrussMaker
            • Creating Trusses in the Floor Plan
            • Editing Trusses
            • Creating Trusses in Section/Elevation/IE Windows
          • Solid Element Operations
            • About Solid Element Operations
            • Solid Operation Types
            • Solid Operation Example
              • Managing Solid Element Connections
        • Views of the Virtual Building
          • ARCHICAD Model Views
            • Floor Plan Window
            • Stories
              • About Stories
              • Navigate Among Stories
              • Defining Story Display in 3D
              • Defining Story Display in Section/Elevation/IE
              • Create or Delete or Rename Stories
              • Story Level Lines
            • Floor Plan Cut Plane (Global Setting)
            • How to Display Individual Elements on the Floor Plan
              • Show On Stories
              • Define Element’s Floor Plan Display
              • Define Range of Element’s Projected Display (Show Projection)
              • Examples of Floor Plan Display Settings
            • 3D Window
              • Show Selection/Marquee in 3D
              • Save Contents of 3D Window as a View
              • 3D Cutting Planes
                • Show or Hide 3D Cutaway
                • Create a 3D Cutaway on the Floor Plan or Section
                • Create a 3D Cutaway in the 3D Window
                • Edit Cutaway
                • 3D Cutaway Attributes
                • Hide 3D Cutting Planes
                • Delete Cutting Planes
              • 3D Engines
              • 3D Projections
              • 3D Navigation Extras
              • 3D Window Size
            • Sections
              • Create a Section Viewpoint
              • Open a Section Viewpoint
              • Horizontal/Vertical Range of Section Viewpoint
              • Define Marker Reference for Source Marker
              • Floor Plan Display of Section Markers
              • Model Display in the Section Window
              • Editing Section/Elevation/IE Lines on Floor Plan
              • Place a Linked Section Marker
              • Place Unlinked Marker
              • Create an Independent Section Viewpoint
              • Assign Section Rebuild Status
              • Updating Sections
              • Summary of Rebuild Commands
            • Interior Elevations (IE)
              • About Interior Elevations
              • Create Interior Elevation Group
              • Create Single Interior Elevation Viewpoint
              • Interior Elevation Horizontal Range
              • Interior Elevation Vertical Range
              • Display and Edit Interior Elevation Marker Lines and Marker Range
              • Interior Elevation IDs and Names
              • Delete/Restore IE Viewpoint
              • Display of Elements in Interior Elevation
            • Elevations
            • 3D Document
              • About the 3D Document
              • Create a 3D Document
              • Redefine the 3D Document
              • Model Display of the 3D Document
            • Details
              • About Details
              • Create a Detail Drawing Viewpoint with Model Source
              • Contents of the Detail Viewpoint
              • Place a Linked Detail Marker
              • Create an Independent Detail Viewpoint
              • Display of Detail/Worksheet Boundary
              • Update Detail/Worksheet Marker Boundary
              • Updating the Detail Window
            • Worksheets
              • About Worksheets
              • Worksheet vs. Detail
              • Create a Worksheet Drawing with Model Source
              • Contents of the Worksheet Window
              • Editing in the Worksheet Window
              • Create an Independent Worksheet Viewpoint
              • Place a Linked Worksheet Marker
            • Managing Markers in ARCHICAD
              • About Markers
              • Display of Marker Range Lines
              • Source Marker Highlight
              • Changing Marker Type
              • Transfer Marker Parameters
              • Copying a Marker
              • Find Linked Markers
              • Check Markers Palette
              • Deleting a Viewpoint/View/Drawing with a Marker
              • Deleting a Source Marker
            • Interactive Schedule
              • Types of Interactive Schedules
              • Units in Interactive Schedules
              • Open and View a Schedule
              • Show Schedule Data for Selected Floor Plan Items
              • Editing and Updating Schedule Items
              • Select Schedule Items on Floor Plan/3D
              • Define Schedule Content Using Scheme Settings
              • Create Schedule of Surfaces
              • Format Options (Interactive Schedule)
              • Schedule Headers
              • Previews and Pictures in the Interactive Schedule
              • Restructure Schedule to Fit Layout
              • Split Schedule into Multiple Layouts
            • Project Indexes
          • On-Screen View Options
          • Model View Options
            • Define Model View Options
            • Model View Options Combinations
          • Partial Structure Display
            • Applying Partial Structure Settings to Model Windows
            • Save Partial Structure Settings by View
            • How to Define Components as “Core” or “Finish”
            • Visualizing the Entire Model
            • Partial Structure Display Settings: Effect on Elements
            • Partial Structure Display Settings in Windows Based on a Source Marker
          • Renovation
            • Assign Renovation Status to Elements
            • Renovation Filters
              • Apply Renovation Filter
              • Show an Element in a Single Renovation Filter Only
              • Renovation Filter Options
              • Examples of Renovation Filters
            • Graphic Overrides By Renovation Status
              • Openings By Renovation Status: Override Examples
            • Best Practices for Creating Renovation Views
            • Workflows for Tricky Renovation Situations
              • Adding Insulation to Walls: Renovation Workflow
              • Adding New Door Panel to Existing Door Frame: Renovation Workflow
              • Zone Stamps for Renovated Rooms: Renovation Workflow
              • Listing Material Quantities for Renovation Projects
            • Reset Renovation Status
          • Graphic Overrides
            • Graphic Override Rules
            • Graphic Override Combinations
            • Exceptions: When Overrides Don’t Apply
        • Element Parameters
          • General Listing Parameters
          • Beam Listing Parameters
          • Component Listing Parameters in the Interactive Schedule
            • Calculation of Skin/Component Area
          • Column Listing Parameters
          • Curtain Wall Listing Parameters
          • CW Accessory Listing Parameters
          • CW Frame Listing Parameters
          • CW Junction Listing Parameters
          • CW Panel Listing Parameters
          • Door/Window Listing Parameters
          • Lamp Listing Parameters
          • Mesh Listing Parameters
          • Morph Listing Parameters
          • Object/Lamp Listing Parameters
          • Railing Listing Parameters
          • Roof Listing Parameters
          • Shell Listing Parameters
          • Skylight Listing Parameters
          • Slab Listing Parameters
          • Stair Listing Parameters
          • Stair Finish Listing Parameters
          • Stair Structure Listing Parameters
          • Wall Listing Parameters
          • Zone Listing Parameters
          • Profile Modifiers Listing Parameters
        • Functions in Expressions
          • CONSTANTS
            • Pi [PI]
            • True[TRUE]False[FALSE]
          • OPERATORS
            • Add [+]
            • Divide [/]
            • Equals [=]
            • Greater Than [>]
            • Greater Than or Equal to [>=]
            • Not Equal [<>]
            • Power [^]
            • Subtract [-]
          • LOGICAL FUNCTIONS
            • And [AND]
            • Or [OR]
            • Not [NOT]
            • If [IF]
            • Exclusive Or [XOR]
            • Is Undefined [ISUNDEFINED]
          • MATHEMATICAL FUNCTIONS
            • Absolute Value [ABS]
            • e Exponent [EXP]
            • Natural Logarithm [LN]
            • Base Logarithm [LOG]
            • Base 10 Logarithm [LOG10]
            • Remainder [MOD]
            • Nth Root [NTHROOT]
            • Power [POWER]
            • Quotient [QUOTIENT]
            • Sign [SIGN]
            • Square Root [SQRT]
            • Sum [SUM]
            • Round to Multiple [MROUND]
            • Round Down to Multiple [MROUNDDOWN]
            • Round Up to Multiple [MROUNDUP]
            • Round [ROUND]
            • Round Down [ROUNDDOWN]
            • Round Up [ROUNDUP]
          • TRIGONOMETRICAL FUNCTIONS
            • Arccosine [ACOS]
            • Arccotangent [ACOT]
            • Arcsine [ASIN]
            • Arctangent [ATAN]
            • Cosine [COS]
            • Cotangent [COT]
            • Sine [SIN]
            • Tangent [TAN]
          • STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS
            • Average [AVG]
            • Maximum [MAX]
            • Minimum [MIN]
          • TEXT EDITING FUNCTIONS
            • Compare [COMPARE]
            • Merge Strings [CONCAT]
            • Find String [FIND]
            • String from Left [LEFT]
            • Length of String [LEN]
            • Lower Case [LOWER]
            • String from Position [MID]
            • Replace in String [REPLACE]
            • Repeat String [REPT]
            • String from Right [RIGHT]
            • Split String [SPLIT]
            • Split String to Left [SPLITLEFT]
            • Split String to Right [SPLITRIGHT]
            • Substitute Strings [SUBSTITUTE]
            • Join Strings [TEXTJOIN]
            • Trim [TRIM]
            • Upper Case [UPPER]
          • DATA CONVERSION
            • Convert to String [STR]
            • Convert Unit to String [STRCALCUNIT]
            • Number from String [STRTONUM]
        • Documentation
          • Fills
            • Full Set of Project Fills
            • Defining Fill Availability in Pop-Ups
            • Fill Categories
            • Assign a Cut Fill
            • Assign a Cover Fill
            • Draw a Drafting Fill
            • Add Area Text to a Fill
            • Fill Display Mode: Vectorial vs. Bitmap
            • Edit Vectorial Fill Pattern
            • Scale of Fill Type
            • Display of Vectorial Fill
            • Set Orientation of Vectorial or Symbol Fill Patterns
            • Create New Solid Fill
            • Create Symbol Fill
            • Using Gradient Fills
            • Create or Edit Image Fill
          • Drafting
            • Hotspots
            • Lines
              • Line Categories
              • Drawing a Single Straight Line Segment
              • Stretching or Shrinking Lines
              • Drawing Arcs and Full Circles
              • Stretching Curves
              • Editing an Arc Using its Tangent
              • Drawing Elliptical Arcs and Full Ellipses
              • Convert Ellipse to Circle
              • Drawing Splines
              • Editing Splines
              • Drawing Freehand Curves
              • Drawing Polylines and Chained Lines
              • Editing Polylines
            • Figures
            • Drawings in Model Views
          • Annotation
            • Dimensioning
              • Dimensioning Standards
              • Glossary of Dimensioning Terms
              • Static Dimensions
              •  Linear Dimensions
              • Dimension Wall or Slab Thickness
              • Linear Dimension Geometry Methods
              • Linear Dimensions in the 3D Document Window
              • Elevation Dimensions
              • Radial Dimensions
              • Level Dimensions
              • Angle Dimensions
              • Edit Dimensions
              • Modify the Witness Line
              • Edit Text Box and Pointer Line
              • Automatic Exterior Dimensioning
              • Automatic Interior Dimensioning
              • Secondary Dimensions (Add-On)
            • The Grid Tool
              • Components of a Grid Element
              • Visibility of a Grid Element
              • Creating a Straight Grid Element
              • Creating a Curved Grid Element
              • Editing a Grid Element
              • Editing Grids in Teamwork
              • Place a Grid System
            • Text Blocks
              • Placing Text Blocks
              • Formatting Text Blocks As a Whole
              • Resizing Text Graphically
              • Applying Favorite Text Settings
              • Formatting Individual Components of Text Blocks
            • Autotext
              • How to Insert Autotext
              • Autotext Reference Drawing
              • Autotext Keywords
            • Labels
              • Place an Associative Label
              • Text/Autotext Label Content
              • Symbol Labels for Element Information
              • Custom Settings for Symbol Labels
              • Label Multiple Selected Elements
              • Labeling Curtain Walls
              • Labeling Stairs
              • Place an Independent Label
              • Search for Elements by Label Text
              • Find and Select Text Blocks/Labels
            • Text Editing in ARCHICAD
              • Search and Replace Text
              • Spell Checker
              • Editing Commands in Text-Type Windows
          • The Layout Book
            • Work Environment for the Layout Phase
              • Working with Layouts
              • Master Layouts
              • Subsets
            • Layout and Drawing IDs
            • Drawings in the Layout Book
              • Placing Drawings Onto the Layout
              • Arranging Multiple Drawings on the Layout
              • Importing PDF Files As Drawings
              • Modifying Drawings on the Layout
              • Drawing Titles
              • Managing and Updating Placed Drawings
            • Layout Workflow Schemes
              • Layout Workflow: Smaller Projects
              • Layout Workflow: Larger Projects
          • Revision Management
            • Revision Management Workflow
            • Revision Management: Default Schemes in the Template
            • Working with Changes
              • Change Manager Palette
              • Create Change
              • Link/Unlink Change Elements
              • Add/Remove Changes on Layout Revisions
              • Change Details
              • Archive Changes in Change Manager
            • Feedback on Layout Revisions
            • Revision History Data on Layout and in Layout Settings
            • Revision IDs
            • Managing Issues
            • Change List and Issue History
            • Revisions in the Publisher
            • Changes from External Files
          • Publishing
            • Print
            • Plot
            • Publisher Function
              • Defining Publisher Output Format
              • Publishing Process
          • Calculation
            • Element Information
            • ID Management
            • Element ID Manager
        • Collaboration
          • Teamwork
            • Teamwork Functions at a Glance
            • GRAPHISOFT BIMcloud: Features and Benefits
            • Teamwork Setup/Preparation
              • Share a Teamwork Project in ARCHICAD
              • Libraries Setup for Teamwork Project Sharing
            • Manage Local Teamwork Data
              • Move Local Teamwork Data to a Different Folder
              • Move Local Teamwork Data to a Different Computer
              • Delete Local Teamwork Data
              • Schedule Teamwork Data Cleanup Reminder
            • Network Diagnostic Information
            • Remote Access to Teamwork Projects
              • Working from Home and the Office: Suggested Workflow for a Teamwork Project
              • Travel Pack: Move Your Teamwork Project and Libraries to a Different Computer
              • Avoid Conflicting Work Sessions in Teamwork Projects
            • Open or Join Teamwork Project
            • Reserving Elements in Teamwork
              • Overview of Teamwork Reservation
              • Reserve Elements by Selection (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Elements by Criteria (Teamwork)
              • Save Custom Criteria Set (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Library Objects (Teamwork)
              • Feedback on Element Ownership (Teamwork)
              • Reservation Results (Teamwork)
            • Close Teamwork Project
            • Reserving Teamwork Project Data (Non-Elements)
              • Feedback on Ownership of Teamwork Project Data
              • Reservation in Attribute Manager; Reserve All Attributes (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Individual Views and View Map Folders
              • Reserve Settings of Layout Book Items (Teamwork)
              • Moving Views and Layouts in the Navigator: Reservation Requirements (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Publisher Sets (Teamwork)
              • Reserve and Delete Layers (Teamwork)
              • Reserve Find and Select Criteria (Teamwork)
              • Reservation in Interactive Schedules (Teamwork)
              • Reserve List Scheme Dialog Boxes (Teamwork)
            • Save Local Copy of Teamwork Project
            • Messaging (Teamwork)
              • Create a New Message (Teamwork)
              • Receive and Open Message (Teamwork)
              • Review Elements (Teamwork)
            • External Files Linked to Teamwork Project
              • Hotlink Modules and XREFs in Teamwork
              • External Drawings in Teamwork
            • Force User to Leave a Teamwork Project
            • Join or Leave a Teamwork Project
            • Send/Receive Changes in Teamwork
            • Working Online/Offline in Teamwork
            • Teamwork Interface
            • Reserve All Elements and Data (Teamwork)
            • Review Your Workspace (Teamwork)
            • Creating and Sending Project Data (Teamwork)
            • Assign Elements (Teamwork)
            • Request Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
            • Release Elements or Project Data (Teamwork)
            • Add Comment to Activities (Teamwork)
            • Libraries in Teamwork
          • Hotlink Modules
            • About Hotlink Modules
            • Place Hotlink
            • Edit Hotlink Module Content
            • Hotlink Settings
            • Hotlink Module Manager
            • Create Module (.mod) File
            • Save Selection in PLN Format
          • Collision Detection
          • Project Markup
            • Add New Markup Entry
            • Mark Up the Model View
            • Display of Markup Items
              • Manage Markup Entries
            • Teamwork and Project Markup
            • Export/Import Markup Using BIM Collaboration Format (BCF)
            • Export/Import Markup Using PDF
        • Visualization
          • Cameras
          • PhotoRendering
            • PhotoRendering Settings Palette
            •  CineRender Basic Settings
            • Create Rendered Image
          • Visualization Extras
            • Fly-Through
            • Sun Study
            • Align View
          • GRAPHISOFT BIMx
            • BIMx: Notes on Model Data, Size, Textures and Shadows
            • Create BIMx Hyper-Model
              • Create BIMx Hyper-Model from Publisher
              • Create BIMx Hyper-Model Using a Wizard
              • Republish Hyper-model
        • Energy Evaluation
          • Energy Evaluation Workflow: Overview
            • General Settings for Energy Evaluation
          • Energy Evaluation: Direct BIM to BEM
            • Internal Space Zones for Energy Evaluation
            • Building Energy Model View
            • Automatic Model Geometry and Material Property Analysis in Energy Evaluation
          • Energy Model Review Palette
            • List and Tree Tab Page View Options
            • Thermal Blocks Tab Page
            • Structures Tab Page
            • Openings Tab Page
            • Building Energy Model Visualization
          • Additional Data Assignment and Input
            • Thermal Block Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Structure Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Opening Property Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Climate Data (Energy Evaluation)
            • Environment Settings (Energy Evaluation)
            • Operation Profiles (Energy Evaluation)
            • Building Systems (Energy Evaluation)
            • Energy Source Factors (Energy Evaluation)
            • Energy Costs (Energy Evaluation)
          • Energy Performance Evaluation
            • Start Energy Simulation (Energy Evaluation)
            • Interoperability with Green Software (Energy Evaluation)
            • Advisory Messages (Energy Evaluation)
            • VIP-Core Dynamic Simulation Engine (Energy Evaluation)
            • Energy Evaluation Report Dialog
            • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - PDF Report
            • Reading the Energy Performance Evaluation - XLS Report
        • Interoperability
          • File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
            • ARCHICAD File Types Opened by ARCHICAD
            • CAD Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
            • Image Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
            • Model/3D Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
            • Other Formats Opened by ARCHICAD
          • Merging Files to ARCHICAD
          • File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
            • ARCHICAD File Types Saved by ARCHICAD
            • CAD Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
            • Image Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
            • Model/3D Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
            • Document and Other Formats Saved by ARCHICAD
          • Import/Export Property Data via Spreadsheet
          • Working with PDF Documents
            • Save Document in PDF Format
            • Create PDF Output Using the Publisher
              • PDF Options
            • 3D Content in PDF
          • Import BIM Content
          • Working with DWG/DXF Files
            • Opening DWG/DXF Files
            • Saving DWG/DXF Files
            • Merge a DXF/DWG File
          • Working with XREFs
            • Attributes of XREF Files
            • Using XREFs in Round-Trip Communication
          • Working with Point Clouds
            • Import Point Clouds
            • Trace Point Cloud to Create Model Elements
            • Optimize Display of Point Cloud Object
            • Redefine Origin of Point Cloud Object
            • Place Point Cloud Object in Teamwork Project
          • Working With Rhino 3D Models
            • Open or Merge Rhino Model
            • Import Rhino 3DM File as Object
            • Hotlink Rhino File
            • Export Model to Rhino
          • Interoperability with MEP Applications
            • Export ARCHICAD Files to MEP Software
            • Handling Architectural Content in MEP Software
            • Importing MEP Content into ARCHICAD
            • Handling MEP Content in ARCHICAD
          • Interoperability with Energy Analysis
            • Integrated Energy Evaluation
            • Export Files from ARCHICAD to Energy Analysis Software
            • Import Energy Analysis Results Into ARCHICAD
        • Working with IFC
          • IFC File Types Supported by ARCHICAD
          • ARCHICAD Classifications and Categories in IFC
          • IFC Project Manager
            • Functions of the IFC Project Manager
            • Navigating in the IFC Project Manager: Tree Structure
            • Navigating in IFC Project Manager: Attributes and Properties
            • Assign or Edit IFC Property/Attribute Values
            • Create New, Custom IFC Property or Classification
            • Apply Predefined Rules
            • Assignments in IFC Project Manager
            • Type Products in IFC Project Manager
          • Export IFC Model from ARCHICAD
          • Translators for Import (Detailed Settings)
            • Model Filter for IFC Import
            • Type Mapping for IFC Import
            • Property Mapping for IFC Import
              • Using the Mapping Table
              • Assigning Property Values in ARCHICAD (Based on IFC Property Mapping)
            • Geometry Conversion for IFC Import
            • Layer Conversion for IFC Import
            • Material and Surface Conversion
          • Import IFC Model to ARCHICAD
          • Translators for Export (Detailed Settings)
            • Model Filter for IFC Export
            • Type Mapping for IFC Export
            • Geometry conversion for IFC Export
            • Property Mapping for IFC Export
            • Using Property Mapping
            • Data Conversion for IFC Export
            • IFC Global Unique Identifier Attribute (GlobalId)
            • Unit Conversion for IFC Export
          • Open IFC Model
          • Appendix: IFC Terms and Concepts
            • Model View Definitions
            • IFC Data Types
          • Appendix: IFC Data Mapping in ARCHICAD
            • Predefined Property Mapping (Export ARCHICAD to IFC)
            • Built-in IFC Element Type Mapping for ARCHICAD
            • Data Types for Properties in IFC and ARCHICAD
          • Merge IFC Project
          • Hotlink IFC File
          • Detect IFC Model Changes
          • Update with IFC Model
          • Manage IFC Data at Element Level
          • IFC Local Preferences
          • Find and Select Elements by IFC Data
          • Scheduling Elements with IFC Data
          • Filter Model at Import (Secondary Filter)
          • Filter Model at Export
        • User Interface Reference
          • Controls
            • Project Chooser
            • The 2D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
            • The 3D Navigator Preview Palette Controls
            • Control Box
            • Coordinates Palette
            • Search and Replace Text Dialog Box
            • Formatting Palette and Text Editor Controls
            • Renovation Palette
            • Teamwork Palette
            • Project Info
            • Project Notes
            • Project Preview
            • Architect Credits in BIMx
            • Session Report Window
            • Solid Element Operations Palette
            • Classic 3D Navigation Toolbar
          • Dialog Boxes
            • Select License Type
            • Work Environment
              • Work Environment Schemes
              • Work Environment Profiles
              • Dialog Boxes and Palettes
              • Selection and Element Information
              • Tracker and Coordinate Input
              • Input Constraints and Guides Dialog Box
              • Model Rebuild Options
              • Publisher
              • More Options
              • Advanced Redraw Options
              • On-Screen Options
              • Data Safety & Integrity
              • Network And Update Options
              • Special Folders
              • Shortcut Customization Dialog Box
              • Toolbox Customization Dialog Box
              • Tool Settings Dialog Box Customization
              • Info Box Customization Dialog Box
              • Toolbar Customization Dialog Box
              • Menu Customization Dialog Box
            • Project Preferences Dialog Boxes
              • Dimensions Preferences
              • Calculation Units and Rules Preferences
                • Zones Preferences
              • Reference Levels Preferences
              • Legacy Preferences
            • Layer Settings Dialog Box
            • Surface Settings Dialog Box
              • Create, Load and Share Surfaces (All Engines)
              • Match Settings with CineRender Surfaces
            • Line Types Dialog Box
            • 3D Projection Settings
              • Parallel Projection Settings
              • Perspective Projection Settings
            • Building Materials Dialog Box
            • GDL (Geometric Description Language)
              • GDL Object Editor
              • Text Editing Commands in GDL Script Windows
              • Subtype Hierarchy Dialog Box (GDL Master Window)
            • Composite Structures Dialog Box
            • Print Interactive Schedule
              • Header/Footer Settings
            • Pens & Colors Dialog Box
            • XREF Management Dialog Box
              • Attach XREF Options
            • DXF/DWG Translation Setup
              • Drawing Unit (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Open Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Save Options (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Attributes (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Layers (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Pens & Colors (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Line Types (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Fills (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Font-Style Conversion (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Miscellaneous (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
              • Custom Functions (DXF/DWG Translation Setup)
            • Surface Exposure to Light Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Merge DXF-DWG
              • Merge DXF-DWG Model Space Dialog Box
              • Import Options for Elements on Paper Space
              • Smart Merge Options
            • Surface Vectorial Hatching Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Surface Settings (CineRender)
              • CineRender Surface Channels
              • Color (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Textures (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Special Settings for Image Textures (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Mix Mode and Mix Strength (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Shaders List (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Procedural Shaders (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Shader Effects (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Sketch Shaders (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Additional Effects for Shader Layers/Folders (CineRender Surfaces)
                • Using Layers to Combine Shaders (CineRender Surfaces)
              • Diffusion (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Luminance (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Transparency (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Reflectance (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Environment (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Fog (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Bump (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Normal (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Alpha (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Glow (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Displacement (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Grass (CineRender Surface Channel)
              • Illumination (CineRender Surface Channel)
            • Detailed CineRender Settings
              • General Considerations When Using Detailed Settings
              • Navigating in the PhotoRendering Settings Palette
              • CineRender Effects
                • Ambient Occlusion (CineRender Effect)
                • Caustics (CineRender Effect)
                • Cel Renderer (CineRender Effect)
                • Color Mapping (CineRender Effect)
                • Color Correction (CineRender Effect)
                • Depth of Field (CineRender Effect)
                • Lens and Filters (CineRender Effect)
                • Vignetting (CineRender Effect)
                • Distance Fog (CineRender Effect)
                • Monochrome Model (CineRender Effect)
              • List of Detailed CineRender Settings
              • Global Illumination (CineRender)
                • Preset (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Primary and Secondary Method (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Sampling (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Radiosity Maps
                • How Does QMC Work?
                • Irradiance Cache
                • Irradiance Cache (Legacy) (CineRender Global Illumination)
                • Details (CineRender Global Illumination)
              • Physical Renderer (CineRender)
                • Physical Camera
                • Physical Renderer Options
                • Physical Renderer Advanced
              • Light Adjustments (CineRender)
              • Shadow Casting (CineRender)
              • Environment: Physical Sky (CineRender)
              • Environment: HDRI Sky (CineRender)
              • Tone Mapping
              • General Options (CineRender)
              • Antialiasing (CineRender)
              • Grass (PhotoRendering Option)
              • Spherical Camera (CineRender)
              • Stereo Rendering (CineRender)
            • Surface Texture Panel (Basic Engine)
            • Add-On Manager
            • Story Settings Dialog Box
            • Edit Elements by Stories Dialog Box
            • Floor Plan Cut Plane Settings Dialog Box
            • Copy Dialog Box
            • Linework Consolidation Settings
            • Fill Consolidation Settings
            • Model View Options for Construction Elements
            • Detail Level of Door, Window and Skylight Symbols
            • Miscellaneous Settings for Library Parts
            • 3D Document Settings
            • Filter and Cut Elements in 3D Dialog Box
            • 3D Styles
            • Open GL Options
            • Sunlight Settings
            • RoofMaker Settings
            • TrussMaker Settings
            • Grid System Settings
            • Scheme Settings Dialog Box (Interactive Schedule)
            • Index Settings Dialog Box
            • View Settings Dialog Box
            • Book Settings Dialog Box
            • Subset Settings Dialog Box
            • Layout Settings
            • Import Views from ARCHICAD Project
            • Master Layout Settings
            • Drawing Manager
            • Pasting Dialog Box
            • Paste Options Dialog Box
            • Print 2D Document
            • Print 3D Document
            • Print Picture
            • Print Layout
            • Plot Setup
            • Plot 2D Document
            • Plot Layout
            • PhotoRendering Settings
            • Basic Rendering Engine
            • Sketch Rendering Engine
            • Markup Styles Dialog Box
          • Tool Settings Dialog Boxes
            • Working in Tool Settings Dialog Boxes
            • Wall Tool Settings
            • Object Tool Settings
              • Panels of the Object Settings Dialog Box
            • Roof Tool Settings
            • Special Lamp Parameters
              • Basic Light Parameters
              • General Light Sources and Effects
            • Shell Tool Settings
            • Door/Window Tool Settings
              • Door/Window Preview and Positioning Panel
              • Where to Set Door/Window Parameters
              • Floor Plan Display of Door/Window: Symbolic vs. Projected
            • Beam Tool Settings
            • Dimension Tool Settings
              • Linear Dimension Tool Settings
            • Custom Settings Panel for a Door/Window
              • Shape
              • Nominal Sizes and Tolerance
              • Door/Window Settings and Opening
              • Frame Style and Dimensions
              • Natural Ventilation
              • Door Leaf Type
              • Handle and Kick Board
              • Leaf and Sash Dimension
              • Sash Type/Sash Options (Door or Window)
              • Opening Type and Angle (Door/Window)
              • Opening Lines (Door/Window)
              • Opening Lines - Sidelight and Transom
              • Model Attributes of Door/Window Opening
              • Wall Opening
              • Reveal Settings
              • Wall Closure
              • Masonry Arch
              • Tolerances
              • Model Attributes of Wall Opening
              • Fixtures and Fittings
              • Threshold Settings
              • Sill Settings
              • Board Settings
              • Casing Outside/Inside Settings
              • Sunshade Settings
              • Model Attributes of Fixtures and Fittings
              • Floor Plan and Section Tab Page (Door/Window Settings)
              • Minimal Space
              • Frame and Sash
              • Frame Widths
              • Custom Corner
              • Wall Inset
            • Column Tool Settings
            • Slab Tool Settings
            • Mesh Tool Settings
            • Zone Tool Settings
            • Morph Tool Settings
            • Settings of Library Part Elements
            • Other Panels in Door/Window Settings
            • Skylight Tool Settings
            • Dimension Text Settings
            • Convert Dimensions Dialog Box (Add-On)
            • Text Tool Settings
            • Text Style Panel
            • Label Tool Settings
            • Drawing Settings
            • Fill Tool Settings
            • Line Tool Settings
            • Arc/Circle Tool Settings
            • Polyline Tool Settings
            • Section and Elevation Settings
            • Interior Elevation (IE) Tool Settings
            • Worksheet and Detail Tool Settings
            • Change Tool Settings
            • Grid Tool Settings
            • Wall End Tool Settings
            • Spline Tool Settings
            • Hotspot Tool Settings
            • Figure Tool Settings
        • Extra Topics
          • Bluebeam Connection
      • Calculation Guide for ARCHICAD 22
        • Introduction
        • Editing the Calculation Database
          • Editing Keys
          • Editing Units
          • Editing Components
          • Editing Descriptors
        • Property Objects
          • Creating and Editing Property Objects
          • Defining Components and Descriptors
          • Linking Components and Descriptors to Databases
          • Linking Property Objects to Element Criteria
          • Creating Criteria for Property Assignment
          • Assigning Properties to Elements
          • Last Selection’s Properties
          • Locating Property Objects
        • List Schemes and Templates
          • The Setup List Schemes Dialog Box
          • Editing List Schemes
            • Elements Tab Page
            • Properties & Parameters Tab Page
            • List Format Tab Page
            • Graphic Template
          • Component Lists
            • Components Tab Page
            • Properties & Parameters Tab Page
          • Zone Lists
            • Zones Tab Page
            • Properties & Parameters Tab Page
            • Related Elements Tab Page
          • Managing List Schemes
        • Using the Format Wizard/Format Assistant
          • Format Wizard: Layout Tab Page
          • Edit Page Item
          • Format Wizard: Content Tab Page
          • Format Wizard: Fields Tab Page
        • Step By Step Examples
          • A: Calculation Examples
          • B: Graphic Template Setup Example
        • Calculation Commands
        • List Types
        • Structure of the Calculation Databases
      • MEP Modeler User Guide for ARCHICAD 22
        • Overview
        • Getting Started with MEP Modeler
          • Hardware/Software Requirements
            • Borrow License
        • Setting and Editing Element Defaults
          • Preview and Positioning Panel
            • General Settings
        • Place Individual MEP Elements
          • Insert Junction Elements
        • MEP Routing Function
          • Set Routing Preferences
            • Start Routing at Connection Port of a Straight Segment
        • Editing MEP Elements
          • Editing Straight Segments
        • MEP Work Environment
        • MEP Library
        • MEP Connection Ports
        • MEP Element Display on Stories
        • MEP Systems
        • MEP Preferences
        • Resize MEP Elements
        • Select Connected MEP Elements
        • Edit Selected Elements
        • Create Custom MEP Part
        • Behavior of MEP-Compatible Objects
    • ARCHICAD 21
      • ARCHICAD 21 Reference Guide
        • ARCHICAD 21 New Features Guide
          • INTUITIVENESS
            • Stair Tool
            • Railing Tool
            • Curtain Wall Editing Mode Renewal
          • ARCHICAD 21 UPDATE 5010: ADDITIONAL IMPROVEMENTS
          • INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
            • Classification Management
          • VISUALIZATION
            • Introduction of 3D Styles
          • INTEROPERABILITY
            • Hotlink IFC
            • Collision Detection
            • Managing Classifications in IFC Import/Export
            • Full Control of IFC Preferences (IFC Translators)
            • Adjust Elevation of Hotlink Content to Host Story Structure
            • Publishing IFC
            • BIMx Export Improvements
          • LIBRARY ENHANCEMENTS
            • General Library Enhancements
            • Door and Window Enhancements
            • Library Enhancements (Market-Specific Content)
          • SMALL INTERFACE CHANGES
          • PERFORMANCE
        • Migration Guide for ARCHICAD 21
          • Migrating Stairs
          • Migrating IFC Settings
          • Migrating Library Parts (New Building Materials)
          • Model View Fill Options Replaced by Graphical Overrides
          • Migration of Rendering/Surface Settings to CineRender
          • Element Display in Interior Elevations
          • Building Materials: Collision Detection Setting
          • Migrating Libraries to ARCHICAD 21
          • Migrating a Teamwork Project (v. 13-20) to ARCHICAD 21
          • Priority-Based Element Intersections
          • Migrating Roofs and Skylights
          • ID-based Labels
          • Images from QuickTime Formats
          • Display of 3D Views
          • New Fields in Interactive Element Schedule
          • Open Older (pre-13) Teamwork Files in ARCHICAD 21
          • Migrate Projects Containing Hotlinks
          • Doors and Windows in Partial Structure Display
          • Label Information in Element Schedules
          • Migrating PlotMaker Layout Books to ARCHICAD 21
          • Guide Lines and Snap Points Migration
          • Use Latest Surface Catalog
          • Migration of Lights and Lamp Settings
          • Display of Transparent Elements
          • Building Materials: Attribute Migration Issues
          • Walls, Zones, Columns: Toplink Option
          • Core-Based Wall Reference Line
          • Core-Based Reference Plane for Slab
          • Migrating EcoDesigner or Energy Evaluation Data
          • Changed Renovation Features
          • VR Scenes and VR Objects No Longer Supported
          • Migration of Exported Options Files (.xml, .aat, .prf)
          • “Automatic” Home Story Setting Eliminated
          • Review Object-Type Element Criteria in Interactive Schedule
          • Find & Select Criteria Sets
          • Section/Elevation Marker Display
          • DXF/DWG Translator Changes in Converting ARCHICAD Fills
          • Lost IFC Data
        • Configuration
          • Start ARCHICAD
          • The ARCHICAD User Interface
            • Arranging Palettes, Toolbars and Windows
            • Set Window Background and Grid Line Color
            • Quick Options Bar
            • Toolbox
            • Info Box
            • Menus
            • Toolbars
            • Shortcuts
            • Palettes
            • Pet Palettes
          • Attributes
            • Layers
              • About Layers
              • Quick Layers
              • Layer Combinations
              • Use Layers to Prevent Intersections
              • Use Separate Layer Settings for the Layout Book
              • Place All Elements on a Single “Active Layer” (Simulate AutoCAD Work Methods)
            • Pen Sets
              • Apply a Pen Set
              • Redefine a Pen Set
              • Transfer a Pen Set to Another Project
              • Automatic Pen Color Visibility Adjustment for Model Views
              • Predefined Pen Sets for Specific Functions
            • Surfaces
              • About Surfaces
              • Override Surfaces With Surface Painter
              • Surface Painter Palette
              • Override Surfaces in Element Settings
              • Align 3D Texture
              • Display of Surfaces in Renderings
            • Missing Attributes
              • Find and Select Elements with Missing Attributes
            • Line Types
            • Fill Types
            • Building Materials
            • Composite Structures
            • Delete and Replace Attributes in a Model
            • Custom Attributes of GDL Objects
          • Libraries
            • Library Manager
            • Embedded Library
              • Add Objects to Embedded Library
              • Manage Embedded Objects
            • BIMcloud/BIM Server Libraries
              • Add BIMcloud/BIM Server Library
              • Manage BIMcloud/BIM Server Libraries
            • Linked Libraries
            • Remove Library from Project
            • Recommendations for Using Libraries
            • Troubleshooting Library Issues
            • Library Updates
            • Library Container File
          • Favorites
            • Apply a Favorite
            • Search Favorites
            • Create New Favorite
            • Redefine Favorite
            • Edit Settings of One or More Favorites
            • Missing Content in Favorite
            • Favorites Palette
            • Import/Export Favorites
          • Create New Solo Project
          • Open a Solo Project
          • Close a Solo Project
          • Saving from ARCHICAD
          • File Compression
          • Template Files
          • Backup Files
          • Archive Files
          • Troubleshooting Problem Files
          • License Information
          • Add-Ons and Goodies
          • Working Units
          • Project Location and Project North
          • Project Preferences
          • Scale
          • ARCHICAD License Types
          • Opening Projects through a Network
        • Interaction
          • Navigation
            • How to Navigate Among ARCHICAD Views
            • Tab Bar
              • Navigate With the Tab Bar
              • Transfer Settings Among Tabs
            • Pop-up Navigator
              • Navigator Project Map
              • Navigator View Map
            • Navigation in the 3D Window
              • Accessing 3D Navigation Commands
              • Explore Model (3D Navigation)
              • Orbit (3D Navigation)
              • Navigator Preview (3D)
              • 3D Connexion Enabler
            • Organizer Palette
              • Clone a Folder in the View Map
              • Navigator Layout Book
              • Navigator Publisher
              • Access Views/Layouts from External ARCHICAD Project
            • Zoom
            • Fit in Window
            • Set Orientation
            • Navigator Preview (2D)
            • Navigator Palette
          • Origins
            • Elevation Values in the Tracker
          • Selection
            • Selecting Elements
              • Quick Selection of Surface Areas
              • Select Multiple Elements With Selection Polygon
            • Selection Feedback
              • Selection Highlight and Element Information Highlight
            • Marquee Area
              • Marquee Area Definition
              • Save Marquee Area as PDF or DWG
              • Copy/Paste Marquee Area from Project Window
              • Other Editing Operations within the Marquee
            • Element Information Pop-up (Info Tags)
            • Find and Select Elements
            • Edit Selection Set
            • Store and Access Selection Sets
          • On-Screen Input Aids
            • The Intelligent Cursor
            • Tracker
              • Element Input Using Tracker Coordinates
            • Snap Points
              • Snap Points on Temporary Vector
            • Editing Plane in 3D Window
              • Editing Plane Display
              • Editing Plane and 3D Element Input
              • Reposition Editing Plane
            • Magic Wand
              • Magic Wand Settings
            • Relative Construction Methods
              • Parallel and Perpendicular Constraints
              • Angle Bisector Constraint
              • Offset and Multiple Offset Constraints (Relative Construction Methods)
              • Aligning Elements to a Surface in 3D
            • Ruler
            • Measure Tool
            • Set up Construction Grid
            • Set up Snap Grid
            • Snap to Grid
            • Snap Guides
            • Guide Lines
            • Gravity
            • Mouse Constraints
            • Coordinate Constraints
            • Snapping to Existing Elements
            • Cursor Snap Range
          • Editing Elements
            • Basic Editing Operations
            • Move Elements
              • Nudging Elements
              • Dragging Elements
              • Rotating Elements
              • Mirroring Elements
              • Elevating Elements
            • Distribute Elements
              • Special Distribute
            • Modify Element Sizes
              • Stretching Walls
              • Modifying Slanted Walls and Columns
              • Modifying Beams
              • Reshaping Polygons and Chained Elements
              • Stretching with the Marquee Tool
              • Stretch Height
              • Resize (Enlarge or Reduce) Elements
              • Splitting Elements
              • Adjusting Elements
              • Adjust Elements to Slabs
              • Create a Fillet or Chamfer
              • Trim Elements Using Scissors
              • Adding Element Nodes
              • Move Nodes
              • Curve/Straighten Element Edge
            • Duplicate Elements
              • Drag, Rotate, Mirror Element Copies
              • Multiply Elements
            • Offset All Edges
            • Intersect Two Elements
            • Align Elements
            • Explode into Current View
            • Drag & Drop
            • Parameter Transfer
            • Element Transfer Settings
            • Group Elements
            • Lock/Unlock Elements
            • Display Order
            • Cancel Operations (ESC Key, Backspace)
          • Virtual Trace: Using References to Edit and Compare Model Views and Drawings
            • Choose a Trace Reference
            • Show/Hide Trace Reference
            • Move/Rotate/Reset Reference
            • Switch Reference with Active: Access Elements within the Reference for Editing or Copying
            • Activate Reference
            • Rebuild Trace Reference
            • Compare Reference with Active
          • Consolidate Lines and Fills in Drawing Windows
        • Elements of the Virtual Building
          • Construction Elements
            • How to Place a Construction Element in ARCHICAD
              • Home Story
              • Define Top Link for Wall, Column, Zone or Stair
            • Walls
              • Wall Reference Line
              • Create a Straight Wall
              • Create a Curved Wall
              • Create a Chain of Walls
              • Create a Rectangle of Walls
              • Create a Trapezoid Wall
              • Create a Composite Wall
              • Create a Polygon Wall (PolyWall)
              • Create a Slanted or Double-Slanted Wall
              • Create a Log Wall
              • Walls and Other Elements
              • Modify Wall Reference Line
              • Invert Wall Direction
            • Columns
              • Creating Columns
              • Create a Slanted Column
              • Column Display
              • Columns and Other Elements
            • Beams
              • Beam Reference Axis
              • Beam Display on the Floor Plan
              • Create a Beam
              • Create a Hole in a Beam
              • Beams and Other Elements
            • Place Element or Library Part using a Complex Profile
              • Create Complex Profile from Parallel Elements
              • Graphical Editing of Complex Profiles
              • Use Standard Steel Column or Beam Profile
            • Roofs
              • About Roofs
              • Examples of Multi-plane Roofs
                • Hip Roof
                • Complex Roof
                • Gable Roof
                • Pyramidal Roof
                • Mansard Roof
                • Gablet Roof
                • Gambrel Roof
                • Cross-Gable Roof
              • Editing Roofs
                • Graphical Editing of Roof Geometry
                • Modify the Roof Pitch
                • Add Roof Level
                • Edit Roof Levels
                • Edit Eaves or Gable Overhang
                • Edit Roof Contour
                • Edit Roof Ridge
                • Customize Roof Plane
                • Customize Edge of Roof or Roof Hole
                • Create a Hole in a Roof
                • Create an Atrium
                • Add a Tower to the Roof
                • Create Roof Level Lines
                • Intersect Single-plane Roofs
              • Create a Single-plane Roof on the Floor Plan
              • Create a Single-plane Roof in the 3D Window
              • Create a Multi-plane Roof
              • Crop Elements to Single-plane Roof
              • Create Special Roof Objects with RoofMaker
            • Trim Elements to Roof or Shell
              • Define Trimming Bodies
              • Trim Multiple Selected Elements: Automatic Trim
                • Automatic Trim: Example 1
                • Automatic Trim: Example 2
              • Trim Elements to Roof: Manual Trim
            • Merge Trimming Elements
              • Merge Elements: Roofs, Shells, Morphs
              • Managing Element Connections
            • Shells
              • About Shells
              • Extruded Shells
                • Simple Extruded Vault: Parallel to the Floor Plan
                • Simple Extruded Vault: Perpendicular to the Floor Plan
                • Extruded Shell with Freely Defined Profile
              • Revolved Shells
                • Revolved Shell: Simple Input
                • Revolved Shell with Freely Defined Profile
              • Ruled Shells
                • Ruled Vaulted Shell
              • Sample Workflows for Shell Creation
                • Extruded Shell: Wavy Canopy Roof
                • Revolved Shell: Arced Triangular Roof Complex
                • Revolved Shell: Define Contours in Section
                • Ruled Shell: Tennis Court Shell
                • Ruled Shell: Twisted Tower
              • Graphical Editing of Shells
                • Options for Editing Extruded Shells
                • Options for Editing Revolved Shells
                • Options for Editing Ruled Shells
              • Create Hole in Shell
              • Edit Shell Hole
              • Define Shell Contour
              • Edit Shell Contour Polygon
              • Customize Edge of Shell or Edge of Shell Hole
            • Slabs
              • Slab Reference Plane
              • Creating Slabs
              • Placing Holes in Slabs
              • Set Custom Slab Edge Angle and Edge Surface
            • Meshes
              • Create a Mesh
              • Edit Elevation of a Mesh Point
              • Add New Points to the Mesh
              • Create a Hole in the Mesh
              • Display of Meshes
            • Zones
              • Zone Categories
              • 2D Display of Zone Backgrounds
              • Zone Stamps
              • 3D Display of Zone Spaces
              • Creating Zones
              • Crop Zone to Another Element
              • Updating Zones
            • Curtain Wall
              • Working with Curtain Walls: Overview
              • Create a Curtain Wall
                • Create a Single Flat Curtain Wall on the Floor Plan
                • Create a Slanted Curtain Wall
                • Draw Curtain Wall Boundary in the Section Window
                • Create a Curved Curtain Wall: Geometry Methods
                • Create a Curved Curtain Wall on Floor Plan
                • Positioning Curtain Wall in Section View
                • Create a Chained Curtain Wall on the Floor Plan
                • Define Curtain Wall Input Plane in 3D Window
                • Create a Single Flat Curtain Wall in the 3D Window
                • Draw Curtain Wall Boundary in the 3D Window
                • Create a Half-Cylinder Curtain Wall in the 3D Window
                • Extrude Curtain Wall from a Slanted Input Plane
              • Curtain Wall Panels
                • Place Door- or Window-Type Panel in Curtain Wall
              • Curtain Wall Members
              • System-Level Editing
              • Graphical Editing of Curtain Wall
              • Curtain Wall Display
              • Curtain Wall Edit Mode
              • Edit Grid
              • Edit Curtain Wall Boundary
              • Add Additional Curtain Wall Boundary
              • Edit Curtain Wall Reference Line
              • Curtain Wall Frames
              • Curtain Wall Junctions
              • Curtain Wall Accessories
              • Curtain Walls and Other Elements
              • Free-Rotate Curtain Wall
              • Edit Curtain Wall Boundary in Section
            • Stairs
              • About the Stair Tool
              • Stair Settings (Main Element Settings)
                • Stair Settings: Geometry and Positioning
                • Stair Settings: Rules and Standards
              • Flight and Landing Structures
                • Monolithic Flight and Landing Structures
                • Beam Flight Structure
                • Beam Landing Structure
                • Cantilevered Flight and Landing Structure
                • Stringers Flight and Landing Structure
              • Stair Input
              • Graphical Editing of Stair Scheme
              • Stair Turning Type
              • Stair Segment Type
              • Stair Tool Edit Mode
              • Automatic “Solver” Options to Resolve Geometric Conflicts
              • Toplinked Stairs and Changed Story Height
              • Tread and Riser Finishes
              • Split Stair Structure
              • Custom Sub-Elements for Stairs and Railings
              • Stair Endings and Connections
              • Model View Options for Stairs: Overview
              • Stair and Railing Floor Plan Display: Model View Options
              • Floor Plan/Reflected Ceiling Plan Display (Stair Settings)
              • Edit Stair Symbol Components Graphically
            • Railings
              • About the Railing Tool
              • Segment Settings (Railing Tool)
                • The Pattern Editor (Railing Tool Settings)
                  • Segment Settings (Page of Railing Tool Settings)
              • Rail Settings (Railing Tool)
                • Rail Component Settings (Toprail/Handrail/Rail)
                • Rail Component Settings
              • Baluster Settings (Railing Tool)
                • Post Component Settings (Posts/Inner Posts/Balusters)
                • Post Component Settings
              • Place Railing: Basic Polyline Input
              • Place Associative Railing
              • Working with Railing Segments and Nodes
              • Railing Reference Line